Skip to main content

Table 2 Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: the summary ORs of cohort and non-cohort studies and the results of publication bias

From: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ECDs

Type

No. of studies

Effect size, pooled OR (95% CI)

Heterogeneity

Publication bias

P value

I2 value, %

Egger P value

Begg P value

PCBs

Cohort

5

0.99 (0.91–1.09)

0.394

5.0

0.539

0.933

Non-cohort

3

1.60 (1.23–2.09)

0.000

68.2

0.790

0.631

PBDEs

Cohort

2

1.12 (1.00–1.26)

0.006

57.8

0.221

0.15

Non-cohort

2

2.21 (1.83–2.68)

0.993

0.0

0.639

0.721

PAEs

Cohort

5

1.08 (1.02–1.15)

0.391

0.0

0.666

0.597

Non-cohort

2

2.17 (1.45–3.26)

0.353

0.0

0.609

0.368

PFASs

Cohort

8

1.06 (1.00–1.12)

0.574

0.0

0.848

0.395

Non-cohort

3

1.22 (1.04–1.44)

0.010

59.1

0.263

0.621

  1. Abbreviations: PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls, PBDEs poly-brominated diphenyl ethers, PFAS per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PAEs phthalates, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio