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Table 2 Differences of maternal BaP-DNA adducts, dietary vitamins, folate, and carotene levels between PB and term births

From: Effects of Benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts, dietary vitamins, folate, and carotene intakes on preterm birth: a nested case–control study from the birth cohort in China

Characteristics

Term births (N = 82)

PBs (N = 83)

Pa

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

 BaP-DNA adducts (µg/gDNA)

3.21

0.83

3.56

1.46

0.058

Vitamin C (mg)b

 Preconception

105.4

37.5

95.0

32.4

0.08

 1st trimester

104.7

36.1

97.7

31.8

0.21

 2nd trimester

105.1

36.0

98.5

33.2

0.25

 3rd trimester

104.1

40.0

98.2

32.0

0.30

Vitamin A (µg RE)b

 Preconception

579.2

130.6

511.0

160.9

0.0059

 1st trimester

587.3

141.3

536.3

162.3

0.044

 2nd trimester

589.0

142.4

541.2

190.0

0.091

 3rd trimester

585.5

150.7

535.5

164.7

0.057

Vitamin E (mg)b

 Preconception

20.9

10.7

17.3

9.7

0.035

 1st trimester

20.8

10.6

17.7

9.7

0.062

 2nd trimester

21.0

10.6

17.8

15.6

0.052

 3rd trimester

20.5

9.2

17.8

9.7

0.07

Folate (µg)b

 Preconception

189.9

80.4

162.8

76.7

0.043

 1st trimester

189.9

78.4

165.7

74.7

0.058

 2nd trimester

191.1

77.8

169.5

82.1

0.10

 3rd trimester

186.4

68.2

168.2

73.8

0.12

Carotene (µg)b

 Preconception

3037.9

728.2

2689.8

897.0

0.012

 1st trimester

3008.4

738.0

2727.4

844.4

0.034

 2nd trimester

3035.1

738.9

2795.1

1045.6

0.12

 3rd trimester

3029.3

765.4

2762.9

851.8

0.048

Supplement intake times among ever users, N (term, PB)

 Preconception & during pregnancy (67, 66)

561.3

272.1

515.9

250.1

0.32

 Preconception (23,23)

64.5

24.5

124.2

98.4

0.009

 1st trimester (60, 59)

297.6

85.5

297.1

71.9

0.97

 2nd trimester (46, 35)

233.0

115.6

213.5

115.8

0.45

 3rd trimester (37, 31)

203.9

106.5

199.9

101.6

0.87

  1. aCalculated by t-test
  2. Abbreviations PB Preterm birth, BaP benzo[a]Pyrene, SD Standard deviation