Table 2 Significant associations between urinary excretion of pesticide residues and the composition of the faecal microbiota evaluated using shotgun metagenomics and metabolomics. Statistical models were established with MaAsLin2, using the pesticide levels as predictors. The model coefficient value (effect size) and the standard error from the model are reported along the p-values and its False Discovery Rate (FDR). Associations with FDR < 0.2 for creatinine adjusted models are reported

METABOLOMICS

Br2CA

N-methylglutamate

−0.15

0.04

0.0009

0.12

enterolactone

0.17

0.05

0.0011

0.13

N-succinyl-isoleucine

−0.12

0.04

0.0012

0.13

palmitoyl-ethanolamide

−0.18

0.05

0.0017

0.13

N-methylalanine

−0.20

0.06

0.0019

0.13

2-hydroxyglutarate

−0.16

0.05

0.0026

0.14

N-acetyl-1-methylhistidine.

−0.18

0.06

0.0026

0.14

enterodiol

0.19

0.06

0.0030

0.14

N2-methylarginine

−0.07

0.02

0.0038

0.16

piperidine

−0.15

0.05

0.0041

0.16

stearoyl-ethanolamide

−0.21

0.08

0.0060

0.17

2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinepropionate

−0.08

0.03

0.0061

0.17

dihydroferulate

−0.12

0.04

0.0073

0.19

1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC

0.11

0.04

0.0076

0.19

Trans.Cl2CA

oleoyl.linoleoyl.glycerol

0.23

0.07

0.0013

0.15

linoleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol

0.23

0.07

0.0014

0.15

4-hydroxybenzoate

−0.14

0.05

0.0020

0.15

glycerol

0.25

0.08

0.0023

0.15

1-oleoyl-GPC18

0.25

0.08

0.0031

0.19

anacardic.acid

0.30

0.10

0.0034

0.19

3.PBA

arachidoylcarnitine

−0.25

0.07

0.0005

0.12

carotenediol

−0.13

0.04

0.0006

0.12

3-methylurate

0.18

0.05

0.0007

0.12

allantoin

−0.27

0.08

0.0007

0.12

erucoylcarnitine

−0.23

0.07

0.0008

0.12

lysine

−0.11

0.04

0.0027

0.18

glyphosate

3.hydroxystearate

0.51

0.14

0.0003

0.19

lactobacillic acid

0.25

0.07

0.0010

0.19

stearate

0.25

0.07

0.0010

0.19

phosphate

0.41

0.12

0.0011

0.19

2-hydroxylignocerate.

0.33

0.10

0.0011

0.19

pentadecanoate

0.24

0.07

0.0013

0.19

3-carboxyadipate

0.27

0.08

0.0019

0.19

saccharopine

0.34

0.11

0.0019

0.19

METAGENOMICS

Br2CA

Faecalitalea cylindroides

0.06

0.0002

1.3E-30

1.6E-28

Streptococcus_anginosus_group

0.11

0.03

0.003

0.19

DEP

Hungatella hathewayi

−0.03

7.3E-5

2.0E-33

9.5E-31

Collinsella aerofaciens

−0.19

0.007

2.65E-08

4.2E-6

Clostridium bolteae

0.04

0.01

0.002

0.19

PBA

Bacteroides eggerthii

0.16

0.01

3.9E-8

1.9E-5

Clostridium symbiosum

0.13

0.02

6.9E-5

0.02

sumDEP

Hungatella hathewayi

−0.03

7.3E-5

2.2E-33

1.1E-31

Collinsella aerofaciens

−0.18

0.007

2.7E-8

4.2E-6

Clostridium bolteae

0.05

0.01

0.0009

0.07

Enterorhabdus caecimuris

0.01

0.004

0.001

0.1

sumDMP

Clostridium citroniae

0.02

2.8E-5

3.8E-43

5.49E-41

Veillonella dispar

0.002

3.9E-5

2.0E-22

2.2E-20

Clostridium bolteae

0.08

0.002

0.001

0.07

Clostridium innocuum

0.14

0.04

0.001

0.07

Eubacterium siraeum

−0.13

0.04

0.004

0.16