Fig. 1

Ranking of eradicating exposure to indoor cold compared to actual preventive interventions. Note: All interventions in adults aged 35–84 years old with lifetime duration unless otherwise stated in the footnotes. Standard dose of statin for adults with 5–9% five-year risk of CVD through primary care practice. Mandataory ‘Tick’ program to reduce salt in bread, margarine and breakfast cereal by 10.65 mgNa day for men and 7.3 mgNa for women with at least 5% five-year risk of CVD. Standard dose of diuretic for adults with 5–9% five-year risk of CVD through primary care practice. Standard dose of calcium channel blocker for adults with 5–9% five-year risk of CVD through primary care practice. Standard dose of ACE inhibitor for adults with 10–14% five-year of CVD risk through primary care practice. Standard dose of beta-blocker for adults with 5–9% five-year CVD risk through primary care practice. Standard dose of aspirin for adults with 5–9% five-year risk of CVD through a combination of primary care practice prescription (50%) and over the counter (50%) use. Community heart health program to promote dietary change, physical activity and smoking cessation for the whole population. Tobacco, Exercise and Diet Messages (TEXT ME) providing advice, motivation, information and support to improve health related behaviours plus usual care, for individuals with documented CHD over a lifetime. Lifestyle program providing professional advice in diet and physical activity for adults with 5–9% five-year risk of CVD. Dietary advice for adults with 5–9% five-year CVD risk. Phytosterol-enriched margarine (92 g per kg of margarine) for adults with 5–9% five-year risk of CVD [31]