Table 3 Subgroup analysis of the risk ratio for adults or children exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS)
Subgroup | Pooled risk ratio | 95% confidence interval |
|---|---|---|
Study participants | ||
Adults | ||
Franklin (2004), Sweden | 1.48 | 1.21 - 1.81 |
Huang (2019), China | 1.35 | 1.12 - 1.61 |
Ohida (2007), Japan | 1.26 | 1.05 - 1.51 |
Subtotal | 1.35 | 1.21 - 1.50 |
Children | ||
Anuntaseree (2001), Thailand | ||
Brunetti (2011), Italy | ||
Castronovo (2002), Australia | ||
Corbo (1989), Italy | 1.72 | 1.19 - 2.49 |
Corbo (2001), Italy | ||
Ersu (2004), Turkey | 3.53 | 1.34 - 9.30 |
Gill (2012), New Zealand | 1.60 | 0.90 - 2.90 |
Gozal (2008), USA | ||
Kaditis (2004), Greece | 1.89 | 1.35 - 2.64 |
Kannan (2017), USA | 2.00 | 1.48 - 2.70 |
Kheirandish-Gozal (2014), Iran | 2.25 | 1.44 - 3.66 |
Kuehni (2008), UK | 1.67 | 1.43 - 1.95 |
Li AM (2010), Hong Kong | ||
Li S (2010), China | ||
Nosetti (2011), Italy | 2.31 | 2.04 - 2.61 |
Owen (1996), UK | 1.83 | 1.20 - 2.79 |
Sahin (2009), Turkey | ||
Sogut (2005), Turkey | ||
Sogut (2009), Turkey | 1.56 | 0.85 - 2.87 |
Urschitz (2004), Germany | ||
Włodarska (2020), Poland | 4.41 | 1.34 - 14.44 |
Zhang (2004), Australia | 1.62 | 1.21 - 2.16 |
Zhu (2013), Hong Kong | 1.34 | 0.95 - 1.88 |
Subtotal | 1.44 | 1.37 - 1.51 |