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Table 1 Maternal, stillbirth (case), and live birth (control) characteristics, by state

From: Acute association between heatwaves and stillbirth in six US states

 

California (1996–2017)

Florida (1991–2017)

Georgia (1994–2017)

Kansas (1991–2017)

New Jersey (1991–2015)

Oregon (1991–2017)

 

Stillbirths

n = 51,577

Controls

n = 206,291

Stillbirths

n = 37,009

Controls

n = 144,107

Stillbirths

n = 27,720

Controls

n = 106,550

Stillbirths

n = 4719

Controls

n = 18,843

Stillbirths

n = 15,046

Controls

n = 60,214

Stillbirths

n = 5138

Controls

n = 20,546

Maternal Race/ethnicitya

  White, NH

25.9%

25.9%

38.8%

39.5%

35.3%

35.3%

63.8%

63.9%

38.4%

38.4%

  

  Black, NH

11.6%

11.6%

32.7%

32.0%

52.6%

52.2%

12.7%

12.6%

32.1%

32.0%

  

  Hispanic

49.6%

49.6%

25.5%

25.6%

8.2%

8.5%

18.8%

18.8%

22.3%

22.3%

  

  Other

11.6%

11.6%

1.7%

1.7%

2.6%

2.7%

3.8%

3.8%

6.4%

6.4%

  

  Missing

1.3%

1.3%

1.4%

1.2%

1.4%

1.4%

0.9%

0.9%

0.9%

0.9%

100.0%

100.0%

Maternal Educationb

  Less than HS

26.6%

26.6%

20.4%

21.0%

3.4%

3.5%

20.4%

20.5%

14.8%

14.8%

21.6%

21.6%

  High school

29.0%

29.0%

33.1%

33.9%

13.2%

13.8%

31.7%

31.7%

34.1%

34.1%

31.1%

31.1%

  Some college

22.0%

22.0%

22.1%

22.7%

27.7%

28.9%

24.5%

24.5%

40.3%

40.2%

20.7%

20.7%

  College degree

16.9%

16.9%

14.5%

14.8%

20.3%

21.2%

21.1%

21.1%

  

16.7%

16.7%

  Missing

5.6%

5.6%

9.8%

7.6%

35.3%

32.7%

2.4%

2.3%

10.8%

10.8%

9.8%

9.8%

Maternal Age

  10–19 years

10.0%

10.1%

12.4%

12.4%

13.8%

14.0%

12.4%

12.7%

8.9%

9.6%

11.2%

11.5%

  20–24 years

20.9%

23.5%

23.3%

26.7%

25.8%

28.1%

27.7%

29.2%

17.5%

20.1%

24.3%

27.2%

  25–29 years

23.9%

26.7%

23.8%

26.6%

24.5%

25.9%

26.2%

28.1%

23.9%

26.1%

24.5%

27.4%

  30–34 years

23.0%

23.7%

20.8%

21.1%

20.5%

19.7%

18.5%

20.0%

26.7%

27.0%

21.7%

21.7%

  35–39 years

16.1%

12.8%

13.3%

10.6%

12.0%

10.0%

11.7%

8.3%

17.6%

14.0%

13.9%

10.0%

  ≥ 40 years

6.2%

3.2%

4.3%

2.7%

3.5%

2.4%

3.5%

1.6%

5.3%

3.1%

4.5%

2.3%

GA of stillbirth

  Early (< 28 weeks)

45.9%

 

53.4%

 

62.2%

 

37.7%

 

58.4%

 

41.6%

 

  Late (≥ 28 weeks)

54.1%

 

46.6%

 

37.8%

 

62.3%

 

41.6%

 

58.4%

 
  1. a Oregon fetal death records did not contain information on maternal race, therefore race data could not be used
  2. b New Jersey only had three maternal education categories, with some college combined with college degree
  3. Abbreviations: GA gestational age, HS high school, NH non-Hispanic