From: Short term exposure to air pollution and mortality in the US: a double negative control analysis
 | Total | OH | MA | NJ | GA | KS | IN | MI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | N = 3,063,192 | N = 691,180 | N = 986,257 | N = 355,231 | N = 311,146 | N = 63,462 | N = 99,035 | N = 556,881 |
Sex | ||||||||
 Male | 46.9% | 47.3% | 45.9% | 46.2% | 48.0% | 46.9% | 47.3% | 48.0% |
 Female | 53.1% | 52.7% | 54.1% | 53.8% | 52.0% | 53.1% | 52.7% | 52.0% |
 Age (years) | 75.6 (18.1) | 75.1 (16.5) | 77.4 (20.4) | 75.9 (16.2) | 72.1 (18.1) | 76.4 (17.2) | 74.5 (16.8) | 74.9 (16.6) |
Race | ||||||||
 White | 87.2% | 88.4% | 92.8% | 84.3% | 71.7% | 92.0% | 91.8% | 84.7% |
 Black | 10.8% | 10.9% | 4.0% | 12.6% | 27.3% | 4.8% | 7.6% | 13.6% |
 Other | 2.0% | 0.7% | 3.1% | 3.2% | 1.0% | 3.2% | 0.6% | 1.6% |
Education | ||||||||
 < HSa | 21.2% | 24.4% | 17.8% | 24.5% | 11.7% | 24.4% | 15.8% | 26.9% |
 HS | 44.6% | 49.0% | 51.2% | 49.9% | 14.3% | 42.1% | 23.9% | 45.0% |
 > HS | 25.0% | 23.9% | 29.9% | 24.9% | 11.5% | 32.3% | 11.0% | 26.6% |
Urbanicity | ||||||||
 Urban | 75.1% | 70.6% | 83.5% | 91.6% | 67.2% | 32.8% | 41.3% | 68.8% |
 Rural | 24.9% | 29.4% | 16.5% | 8.4% | 32.8% | 67.2% | 58.7% | 31.2% |
Case Day Exposure | ||||||||
 PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 10.4 (6.15) | 11.8 (5.90) | 8.66 (5.67) | 11.7 (7.36) | 11.8 (5.45) | 9.71 (4.74) | 13.0 (6.60) | 9.63 (5.90) |
 O3 (ppb) | 37.7 (11.0) | 38.0 (10.5) | 37.0 (11.0) | 37.2 (12.0) | 41.3 (12.6) | 38.0 (10.6) | 38.2 (13.2) | 36.6 (8.52) |
 NO2 (ppb) | 21.2 (12.1) | 18.4 (10.1) | 22.4 (11.8) | 31.9 (13.4) | 15.3 (10.7) | 16.3 (10.0) | 17.5 (9.95) | 20.3 (10.8) |
 Temperature (Kelvin) | 284 (10.3) | 284 (10.4) | 283 (9.61) | 284 (9.63) | 290 (9.21) | 285 (11.2) | 284 (11.2) | 282 (10.7) |
 Humidity (g/cm3) | 0.0073 (0.0045) | 0.0076 (0.0045) | 0.0068 (0.0042) | 0.0076 (0.0046) | 0.0095 (0.0047) | 0.0077 (0.0048) | 0.0075 (0.0046) | 0.00667 (0.0042) |