Table 2 Basic characteristics of participants by metabolic syndrome
Characteristics | Total (n = 6628) | Metabolic Syndrome | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Event (n = 1691) | Non-Event (n = 4937) | |||
Age (year), mean (SD) | 50.12 (14.73) | 54.09 (12.83) | 48.76 (15.09) |  < 0.001* |
Sex, n (%) |  < 0.001* | |||
Man | 2955 (44.6) | 677 (40.0) | 2278 (44.6) | |
Women | 3673 (55.4) | 1014 (60.0) | 2659 (55.4) | |
Race, n (%) | 0.570 | |||
Han | 6562 (99.0) | 1672 (98.9) | 4890 (99.0) | |
Minority | 66 (1.0) | 19 (1.1) | 47 (1.0) | |
Region, n (%) | 0.092 | |||
Urban | 3613 (54.5) | 892 (52.7) | 2721 (55.1) | |
Rural | 3015 (45.5) | 799 (47.3) | 2216 (44.9) | |
Occupation, n (%) | 0.273 | |||
Physical work | 5070 (76.5) | 1310 (77.5) | 3760 (76.2) | |
Non-physical work | 1558 (23.5) | 381 (22.5) | 1177 (23.8) | |
Educational level, n (%) |  < 0.001* | |||
None | 836 (12.6) | 303 (17.9) | 533 (10.8) | |
Primary school education | 2246 (33.9) | 625 (37.0) | 1621 (32.8) | |
Middle school education | 2905 (43.8) | 656 (38.8) | 2249 (45.6) | |
University education or higher | 641 (9.7) | 107 (6.3) | 534 (10.8) | |
Marriage status, n (%) |  < 0.001* | |||
Unmarried | 357 (5.4) | 46 (2.7) | 311 (6.3) | |
Married | 5968 (90.0) | 1544 (91.3) | 4424 (89.6) | |
Widowed or divorced | 303 (4.6) | 101 (6.0) | 202 (4.1) | |
Household income (× 1000 RMB) | 0.038* | |||
  < 30 | 1029 (15.5) | 261 (15.4) | 768 (15.6) | |
30 ≤ Household income < 50 | 1171 (17.7) | 321 (19.0) | 850 (17.2) | |
50 ≤ Household income < 100 | 1218 (18.4) | 280 (16.6) | 938 (19.0) | |
100 ≤ Household income < 200 | 514 (7.8) | 122 (7.2) | 392 (7.9) | |
 ≥ 200 | 171 (2.6) | 34 (2.0) | 137 (2.8) | |
Refuse to answer or don't know | 2525 (38.1) | 673 (39.8) | 1852 (37.5) | |
Behaviors factors | ||||
Cigarette smoking | 0.003* | |||
Nonsmoker | 4428 (66.8) | 1180 (69.8) | 3248 (65.8) | |
Smoker | 2200 (33.2) | 511 (30.2) | 1689 (34.2) | |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0.027* | |||
No | 3929 (59.3) | 1041 (61.6) | 2888 (58.5) | |
Yes | 2699 (40.7) | 650 (38.4) | 2049 (41.5) | |
Exercise, n (%) | 0.019* | |||
No | 5479 (82.7) | 1430 (86.6) | 4049 (82.0) | |
Yes | 1149 (17.3) | 261 (15.4) | 888 (18.0) | |
Family history of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 0.524 | |||
No | 6222 (93.9) | 1582 (93.6) | 4640 (94.0) | |
Yes | 406 (6.1) | 109 (6.4) | 297 (6.0) | |
Weight change in the past 12 months, n (%) | 0.221 | |||
Increase in > 2.5 kg | 609 (9.2) | 164 (9.7) | 445 (9.0) | |
Unchanged (< 2.5 kg) | 4743 (71.6) | 1217 (72.0) | 3526 (71.4) | |
Decease in > 2.5 kg | 596 (9.0) | 132 (7.8) | 464 (9.4) | |
Unclear | 680 (10.3) | 178 (10.5) | 502 (10.2) | |
Household air pollution exposure | ||||
Passive smoking, n (%) | 0.598 | |||
No | 1531 (32.0) | 393 (31.2) | 1138 (32.3) | |
Yes | 3250 (68.0) | 868 (68.8) | 2382 (67.7) | |
Biomass fuel | 0.323 | |||
No | 5136 (77.5) | 1325 (78.4) | 3811 (77.2) | |
Yes | 1492 (22.5) | 366 (21.6) | 1126 (22.8) | |
Grain consumption(g/daily), medium (IQR) | 400.00 (376.90) | 394.39 (371.73) | 400.00 (380.00) | 0.212 |
Vegetable and Fruit consumption (g/daily), medium (IQR) | 308.00 (298.35) | 308.00 (293.33) | 308.33 (299.00) | 0.891 |
Red Meat consumption (g/daily), medium (IQR) | 71.43 (95.96) | 53.57 (96.29) | 80.00 (115.86) | 0.019* |
Ambient air pollution exposure (μg/m3), mean (SD) | ||||
PM2.5 | 37.2 (4.8) | 37.4 (4.5) | 37.1 (4.8) | 0.040* |
PM10 | 55.4 (5.0) | 55.2 (4.8) | 55.5 (5.1) | 0.041* |
SO2 | 16.1 (3.8) | 16.2 (3.9) | 16.1 (3.8) | 0.227 |
NO2 | 26.0 (12.6) | 25.3 (11.4) | 26.2 (12.9) | 0.007* |
O3 | 56.2 (6.4) | 56.7 (5.9) | 56.1 (6.5) | 0.005* |
Anthropometry | ||||
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.04 (3.36) | 25.65 (3.21) | 22.15 (2.92) |  < 0.001* |
BMI category, n (%) |  < 0.001* | |||
Under weight | 504 (56.4) | 15 (0.9) | 489 (9.9) | |
Normal | 3741 (7.6) | 504 (29.8) | 3237 (65.6) | |
Overweight/ Obese | 2383 (36.0) | 1172 (69.3) | 1211 (24.5) | |
MetS, n (%) | 1691 (25.5) | 1691 (100.0) | - | |
Central obesity, n (%) | 2038 (30.7) | 1236 (73.1) | 802 (16.2) |  < 0.001* |
High TG, n (%) | 1379 (20.8) | 998 (59.0) | 381 (7.7) |  < 0.001* |
Low HDL-c, n (%) | 2759 (41.6) | 1325 (78.4) | 1434 (29.0) |  < 0.001* |
Hypertension, n (%) | 3339 (50.4) | 1430 (84.6) | 1909 (38.7) |  < 0.001* |
High FBG, n (%) | 1606 (24.2) | 920 (54.4) | 686 (13.9) |  < 0.001* |