Skip to main content

Table 2 Participant characteristics (n = 3681)

From: The neighbourhood environment and profiles of the metabolic syndrome

Characteristics

Statistics

Characteristics

Statistics

Socio-demographic and other individual and household characteristics

Age, years, M ± SD

60.7 ± 11.2

Sex, female, %

55.23

Educational attainment, %

 

Smoking history, %

 

Up to secondary

32.4

Current smoker

7.2

Trade, technician certificate

29.1

Previous smoker

36.9

Associate diploma & equiv.

14.7

Non-smoker

56.0

Bachelor degree, post-graduate diploma

23.8

Household income, annual, %

 

Living arrangements, %

 

Up to $49,999

33.6

Couple without children

49.3

$50,000 - $99,999

28.0

Couple with children

27.9

$100,000 and over

30.3

Other

22.8

Does not know or refusal

8.2

Employment status, %

   

In paid work

54.2

  

Volunteering

16.2

  

Neither

29.6

  

Neighbourhood self-selection – access to destinations [range: 1–5], M ± SD

2.9 ± 1.3

Neighbourhood self-selection – recreational facilities [range: 1–5], M ± SD

3.1 ± 1.5

Metabolic syndrome components, including those taking drug treatments

Waist circumference, %

 

Fasting blood glucose, %

 

Normal

27.3

Normal

66.3

“Obese” (circumference based on gender and ethnicity)

72.8

≥5.6 mmol/L or known diabetes on drug treatment

33.7

Triglycerides, %

 

High-density lipoprotein–C, %

 

Normal

76.7

Normal

87.3

≥1.7 mmol/L with drug treatment for elevated triglycerides as an alternative indicator

23.3

HDL-C < 1.0 (men) < 1.3 (women) mmol/L with drug treatment for low HDL-C as alternative indicator

12.7

Blood pressure, %

 

Number of metabolic syndrome traits per person, %

 

Normal blood pressure

45.6

0

13.0

≥130/85 mmHg with antihypertensive drug treatment as an alternative indicator

54.4

1

24.9

2

29.1

3

21.2

  

4

9.1

  

5

2.8

Neighbourhood environment characteristics (1 km street-network buffers), M ± SD

Population density, persons/ha

 

Blue space, %

 

1 km buffer

17.5 ± 10.1

1 km buffer

0.3 ± 2.1

Commercial land use, %

 

Street intersection density, intersections/km2

 

1 km buffer

2.6 ± 6.2

1 km buffer

62.5 ± 32.7

Parkland, %

 

Land use mix (other)

 

1 km buffer

11.7 ± 12.5

1 km buffer

0.1 ± 0.1

Area SES (IRSAD)

6.4 ± 2.7

Air pollution: NO2, ppb

5.6 ± 2.1

  

Air pollution: PM2.5, μg/m3

6.3 ± 1.7

  1. Abbreviations: M mean, SD standard deviation, IRSAD Index of Relative Socioeconomic Advantage and Disadvantage, NO2 nitrogen dioxide, PM2.5 particulate matter < 2.5 μm, ppb parts per billion