Table 5 Neighbourhood environmental attribute associations with MetS status and metabolic health profiles with vs. without MetS (N = 3681)
From: The neighbourhood environment and profiles of the metabolic syndrome
Neighbourhood environmental attribute (T = total effect; D = direct effect) | MetS status | Metabolic health profiles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MetS vs. no MetS (ref.) | LC2 MetS vs LC1 no MetS (ref.) | LC3 MetS vs LC1 no MetS (ref.) | LC2 MetS vs LC2 no MetS (ref.) | LC3 MetS vs LC2 no MetS (ref.) | LC2 MetS vs LC3 no MetS (ref.) | LC3 MetS vs LC3 no MetS (ref.) | |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Population density (persons/ha) | |||||||
T | 0.997 (0.989, 1.006) | 1.001 (0.987, 1.016) | 0.998 (0.988, 1.008) | 1.001 (0.987, 1.016) | 0.999 (0.989, 1.010) | 0.997 (0.975, 1.021) | 0.995 (0.974, 1.016) |
D | 1.001 (0.989, 1.014) | 1.005 (0.984, 1.028) | 0.995 (0.980, 1.009) | 1.006 (0.984, 1.028) | 0.995 (0.979, 1.011) | 1.024 (0.988, 1.060) | 1.013 (0.982, 1.045) |
Commercial land use (%) | |||||||
T | 0.998 (0.985, 1.011) | 0.978 (0.951, 1.006) | 1.010 (0.995, 1.025) | 0.966 (0.940, 0.993)* | 0.998 (0.984, 1.013) | 0.972 (0.931, 1.014) | 1.004 (0.969, 1.040) |
D | 0.996 (0.982, 1.009) | 0.974 (0.946, 1.003) | 1.007 (0.992, 1.023) | 0.962 (0.935, 0.990)** | 0.994 (0.979, 1.010) | 0.976 (0.933, 1.021) | 1.009 (0.971, 1.048) |
Parkland (%) | |||||||
T | 1.002 (0.996, 1.009) | 1.004 (0.994, 1.014) | 0.998 (0.990, 1.005) | 1.009 (0.998, 1.019) | 1.003 (0.995, 1.012) | 0.994 (0.977, 1.011) | 0.988 (0.973, 1.004) |
D | 1.004 (0.997, 1.011) | 1.004 (0.994, 1.015) | 1.000 (0.993, 1.008) | 1.008 (0.997, 1.019) | 1.003 (0.995, 1.012) | 0.992 (0.975, 1.010) | 0.988 (0.972, 1.004) |
Blue space (%) | |||||||
T | 0.976 (0.936, 1.018) | 0.943 (0.857, 1.037) | 0.982 (0.939, 1.028) | 0.947 (0.861, 1.041) | 0.987 (0.940, 1.036) | 0.970 (0.837, 1.123) | 1.011 (0.895, 1.142) |
D | 0.980 (0.939, 1.022) | 0.960 (0.877, 1.050) | 0.987 (0.942, 1.033) | 0.964 (0.881, 1.055) | 0.993 (0.945, 1.043) | 0.985 (0.846, 1.147) | 1.014 (0.889, 1.156) |
Land use mix (other) | |||||||
T | 1.392 (0.734, 2.641) | 2.342 (0.867, 6.338). | 1.505 (0.742, 3.052) | 1.947 (0.701, 5.405) | 1.383 (0.653, 2.929) | 1.708 (0.295, 9.894) | 1.208 (0.246, 5.943) |
D | 1.031 (0.514, 2.069) | 1.785 (0.613, 5.194) | 0.850 (0.397, 1.818) | 2.137 (0.728, 6.279) | 1.064 (0.476, 2.380) | 3.802 (0.563, 25.670) | 1.862 (0.322, 10.765) |
Street intersection density (/km2) | |||||||
T | 1.001 (0.998, 1.004) | 1.002 (0.997, 1.008) | 1.004 (1.000, 1.007)* | 0.998 (0.993, 1.004) | 1.000 (0.996, 1.003) | 0.996 (0.987, 1.004) | 0.997 (0.990, 1.004) |
D | 1.000 (0.997, 1.003) | 1.001 (0.995, 1.007) | 1.001 (0.998, 1.005) | 0.999 (0.993, 1.005) | 0.999 (0.995, 1.003) | 0.995 (0.986, 1.004) | 0.995 (0.987, 1.003) |
Area SES (IRSAD) | |||||||
T | 0.955 (0.925, 0.987)** | curvilinear** p = .0090 | 0.928 (0.894, 0.964)*** | curvilinear* p = .0496 | 0.961 (0.924, 0.999)* | 1.035 (0.943, 1.136) | 1.024 (0.944, 1.112) |
D | 0.961 (0.927, 0.996)* | curvilinear** p = .0077 | curvilinear* p = .0101 | curvilinear* p = .0165 | 0.957 (0.917, 0.999)* | curvilinear* p = .0239 | 1.042 (0.953, 1.140) |
Air pollution: NO2 (ppb) | |||||||
T | 0.999 (0.946, 1.055) | 0.991 (0.895, 1.098) | 0.987 (0.928, 1.049) | 1.060 (0.957, 1.173) | 1.062 (0.993, 1.136). | 0.891 (0.773, 1.027) | 0.891 (0.793, 1.001). |
D | 0.995 (0.942, 1.048) | 0.992 (0.895, 1.100) | 0.981 (0.923, 1.042) | 1.064 (0.960, 1.179) | 1.060 (0.991, 1.133). | 0.897 (0.777, 1.034) | 0.889 (0.791, 0.999)* |
Air pollution: PM2.5 (μg/m3) | |||||||
T | 1.049 (0.993 1.108) | 0.992 (0.869, 1.131) | 1.070 (1.005, 1.138)* | 0.955 (0.844, 1.082) | 1.030 (0.963, 1.103) | 0.930 (0.782, 1.107) | 1.005 (0.880, 1.147) |
D | 1.048 (0.992, 1.107) | 0.991 (0.867, 1.132) | 1.072 (1.007, 1.140)* | 0.950 (0.837, 1.077) | 1.026 (0.959, 1.098) | 0.937 (0.786, 1.117) | 1.014 (0.887, 1.159) |