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Table 4 Multinomial logistic regression models for the natural logarithm transformed PFOA and PFDA concentrations and breast cancer risk according to different subtypes of breast cancer

From: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) as risk factors for breast cancer: a case–control study in Chinese population

(ng/ml)

N

PFOA

PFDA

Crude OR

(95% CI)

Adjusted OR

(95% CI)

Crude OR

(95% CI)

Adjusted OR

(95% CI)

Control

657

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

ER-

96

1.01 (0.81, 1.26)

1.08 (0.82, 1.41)

0.93 (0.76, 1.14)

0.94 (0.72, 1.22)

ER + 

218

1.43 (1.22, 1.67)*

1.47 (1.19, 1.80)*

1.19 (1.01, 1.41)*

1.21 (0.98, 1.50)

PR-

131

1.00 (0.82, 1.21)

1.03 (0.81, 1.30)

1.01 (0.84, 1.22)

0.93 (0.73, 1.18)

PR + 

183

1.42 (1.19, 1.68)*

1.36 (1.09, 1.69)*

1.06 (0.90, 1.26)

1.04 (0.83, 1.30)

Luminal A

168

1.23 (1.03, 1.46)*

1.36 (1.08, 1.71)*

1.12 (0.94, 1.34)

1.12 (0.89, 1.42)

Luminal B

52

1.03 (0.77, 1.38)

1.06 (0.74, 1.50)

0.84 (0.66, 1.07)

0.83 (0.61, 1.13)

HER2

65

1.46 (1.13, 1.90)*

1.62 (1.19, 2.21)*

1.28 (0.97, 1.70)

1.26 (0.91, 1.76)

Basal

29

1.72 (1.20, 2.47)*

1.45 (0.93, 2.24)

1.20 (0.80, 1.80)

1.06 (0.70, 1.60)

  1. Note: According to the standard for molecular typing of breast cancer, cases were also identified as luminal A subtype, luminal B subtype, HER2 subtype, and basal-like subtypes. Final multivariable models adjusted for age at baseline (years), BMI (kg/m2), smoking history, age at menarche (years), age of menopause (years), parity, breastfeeding duration (months), use of estrogen or estrogen replacement therapy, family history of breast cancer, education (years), monthly household income per capita (RMB/month), red meat consumption, pickled, fried, smoked, and barbecued food consumption. The OR and 95% CI of breast cancer were estimated by one SD increase in ln-transformed PFOA and PFDA as continuous variables
  2. Abbreviations: OR Odds ratios; CI Confidence interval, PFOA Perfluorooctanoic acid, PFDA Perfluoro-n-decanoic acid, ER Estrogen receptor, PR Progesterone receptor, HER2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
  3. * p-value for trend < 0.05