Residential proximity to croplands at birth and childhood leukaemia

Bamouni, Sophie; Hémon, Denis; Faure, Laure; Clavel, Jacqueline; Goujon, Stéphanie

doi:10.1186/s12940-022-00909-0

Environmental Health

Table 2 Association between childhood leukaemia incidence rate and crop densities^a (all crops and permanent crops)

From: Residential proximity to croplands at birth and childhood leukaemia

	AL (N = 8 747)					ALL (N = 7 236)					AML (N = 1 335)
	O	E	SIR	95% CI	p^b	O	E	SIR	95% CI	p^b	O	E	SIR	95% CI	p^b
Total crops
Total crop density < 5%	2758	2788.8	0.99	0.95–1.03	0.54	2285	2308.5	0.99	0.95–1.03	0.67	422	440.7	0.96	0.87–1.05	0.26
[5–18.7]	1476	1485.4	0.99	0.94–1.05		1211	1228.4	0.99	0.93–1.04		231	224.1	1.03	0.91–1.17
[18.7–37.4]	1507	1485.1	1.01	0.96–1.07		1263	1228.2	1.03	0.97–1.09		212	223.3	0.95	0.83–1.09
[37.4–61.0]	1541	1490.7	1.03	0.98–1.09		1259	1232.8	1.02	0.97–1.08		252	223.3	1.13	1.00–1.28
≥ 61	1465	1497.1	0.98	0.93–1.03		1218	1238.1	0.98	0.93–1.04		218	223.6	0.98	0.85–1.11
Test of departure from log-linearity					0.38					0.51					0.18
SIRR for ∆x = 10%^c			1.00	0.99–1.01	0.47		1238.1	1.00	0.99–1.01	0.44		223.6	1.00	0.99–1.01	0.31
Viticulture
Total crop density < 5%	2758	2788.8	0.99	0.95–1.03	0.84	2285	2308.5	0.99	0.95–1.03	0.88	422	440.7	0.96	0.87–1.05	0.62
Total crop density ≥ 5% and viticulture < 5%	5413	5391.7	1.00	0.98–1.03		4465	4459.2	1.00	0.97–1.03		834	809.7	1.03	0.96–1.10
[5–10.0]	143	141.2	1.01	0.86–1.19		124	116.8	1.06	0.89–1.27		17	21.1	0.81	0.50–1.30
[10.0–16.2]	141	143.7	0.98	0.83–1.16		116	118.8	0.98	0.81–1.17		22	21.5	1.02	0.67–1.56
[16.2–24.7]	138	142.0	0.97	0.82–1.15		120	117.5	1.02	0.85–1.22		17	21.2	0.80	0.50–1.29
≥ 24.7	154	139.5	1.10	0.94–1.29		126	115.4	1.09	0.92–1.30		23	20.8	1.10	0.73–1.66
Test of departure from log-linearity					0.48					0.94					0.48
SIRR for ∆x = 10%^c			1.01	0.98–1.04	0.24		115.4	1.01	0.98–1.05	0.23		20.8	1.01	0.93–1.09	0.45
Arboriculture
Total crop density < 5%	2758	2788.8	0.99	0.95–1.03	0.07	2285	2308.5	0.99	0.95–1.03	0.15	422	440.7	0.96	0.87–1.05	0.33
Total crop density ≥ 5% and arboriculture < 5%	5809	5742.1	1.01	0.99–1.04		4799	4748.8	1.01	0.98–1.04		887	861.8	1.03	0.96–1.10
[5–6.4[	54	54.1	1.00	0.76–1.30		45	44.7	1.01	0.75–1.35		9	8.2	1.10	0.57–2.12
[6.4–9.34[	38	53.3	0.71	0.52–0.98		30	44.1	0.68	0.48–0.97		7	8.1	0.87	0.41–1.82
[9.4–13.1[	42	51.1	0.82	0.61–1.11		39	42.2	0.92	0.67–1.26		3	7.6	0.39	0.13–1.22
≥ 13.1	46	57.6	0.80	0.60–1.07		38	47.6	0.80	0.58–1.10		7	8.6	0.81	0.39–1.70
Test of departure from log-linearity					0.36					0.38					0.35
SIRR for ∆x = 10%^c			0.87	0.79–0.97	0.99		47.6	0.89	0.79–0.99	0.98		8.6	0.78	0.58–1.06	0.94

AL Acute leukaemia, ALL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, AML Acute myeloid leukaemia, N Number of cases, O Observed number of cases, E Expected number of cases, SIR Standardized incidence ratio, 95% CI 95% Confidence interval,
^a The total crop density and the specific crop density in a municipality were defined as the ratio of the total area used for agriculture and the area used for the specific crop, respectively, over the total area of the municipality (based on national agricultural census data). Separate models were used for each specific crop as well as for total crops
^b p-value of the tests (chi-square test of heterogeneity between SIRs in categories of crop density, test for departure from the log-linearity hypothesis and, test for the slope parameter in the linear Poisson regression model, H0: β ≤ 0 vs H1: β > 0)
^c SIRR (for Δ x = 10%) = Relative Standardized Incidence Ratio: multiplicative variation in the SIR for a 10% increase in the crop density derived from a linear Poisson regression model, with adjustment on the size of urban unit (Paris vs other urban units) for AL and ALL

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