Residential proximity to croplands at birth and childhood leukaemia

Bamouni, Sophie; Hémon, Denis; Faure, Laure; Clavel, Jacqueline; Goujon, Stéphanie

doi:10.1186/s12940-022-00909-0

Environmental Health

Table 4 Association between AL and ALL incidence rates and crop density^a in municipalities of residence at birth adjusted for size of urban unit, residential UV radiation exposure and French deprivation index (FDep), mainland France, RNCE, 1990–2015

From: Residential proximity to croplands at birth and childhood leukaemia

	AL (N = 8 747)			ALL (N = 7 236)			BCP-ALL (N = 6 970)
	SIRR	95% CI	p	SIRR	95% CI	p	SIRR	95% CI	p
Total crops
10% increase in crop density	1.00	0.99–1.01	0.33	1.00	0.99–1.01	0.27	1.00	0.99–1.01	0.35
Size of UU (Paris UU vs. other UU)	0.89	0.84–0.95	< 0.01	0.91	0.84–0.97	0.005	0.90	0.83–0.96	< 0.01
UV (> 105.5 J/cm² vs. ≤ 105.5 J/cm²)	1.01	0.96–1.06	0.79	1.03	0.98–1.09	0.29	1.04	0.98–1.10	0.20
Deprivation (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4)	0.95	0.90–1.00	0.06	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.11	0.94	0.89–1.00	0.06
Viticulture
10% increase in crop density	1.01	0.98–1.05	0.2	1.01	0.98–1.05	0.23	1.01	0.98–1.05	0.25
Size of UU (Paris UU vs. other UU)	0.89	0.84–0.94	< 0.01	0.90	0.84–0.96	< 0.01	0.89	0.84–0.95	< 0.01
UV (> 105.5 J/cm² vs. ≤ 105.5 J/cm²)	1.00	0.95–1.05	0.97	1.02	0.97–1.08	0.41	1.03	0.97–1.09	0.28
Deprivation (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4)	0.95	0.90–1.00	0.07	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.11	0.94	0.89–1.00	0.06
Arboriculture
10% increase in crop density	0.87	0.78–0.98	0.99	0.88	0.78–0.99	0.98	0.87	0.76–0.98	0.98
Size of UU (Paris UU vs. other UU)	0.89	0.84–0.94	< 0.01	0.90	0.84–0.96	< 0.01	0.89	0.83–0.95	< 0.01
UV (> 105.5 J/cm² vs. ≤ 105.5 J/cm²)	1.01	0.96–1.07	0.58	1.04	0.98–1.09	0.2	1.04	0.99–1.10	0.12
Deprivation (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4)	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.08	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.13	0.94	0.89–1.00	0.07
Straw cereals
10% increase in crop density	1.01	0.99–1.03	0.14	1.01	0.99–1.03	0.11	1.01	0.99–1.04	0.11
Size of UU (Paris UU vs. other UU)	0.90	0.85–0.95	< 0.01	0.91	0.85–0.97	0.01	0.90	0.84–0.97	< 0.01
UV (> 105.5 J/cm² vs. ≤ 105.5 J/cm²)	1.01	0.96–1.07	0.64	1.04	0.98–1.10	0.21	1.04	0.99–1.11	0.13
Deprivation (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4)	0.95	0.90–1.00	0.06	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.10	0.94	0.88–1.00	0.05
Maize
10% increase in crop density	0.98	0.93–1.02	0.825	0.98	0.93–1.03	0.775	0.98	0.93–1.03	0.815
Size of UU (Paris UU vs. other UU)	0.88	0.83–0.94	< 0.01	0.89	0.84–0.95	< 0.01	0.88	0.83–0.95	< 0.01
UV (> 105.5 J/cm² vs. ≤ 105.5 J/cm²)	1.00	0.95–1.05	0.95	1.02	0.97–1.08	0.39	1.03	0.98–1.09	0.28
Deprivation (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4)	0.95	0.90–1.00	0.07	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.11	0.94	0.89–1.00	0.06
Rapeseed
10% increase in crop density	1.05	0.96–1.14	0.14	1.06	0.96–1.16	0.11	1.05	0.96–1.16	0.14
Size of UU (Paris UU vs. other UU)	0.89	0.84–0.95	< 0.01	0.90	0.85–0.97	< 0.01	0.90	0.84–0.96	< 0.01
UV (> 105.5 J/cm² vs. ≤ 105.5 J/cm²)	1.01	0.96–1.06	0.71	1.03	0.98–1.09	0.24	1.04	0.98–1.10	0.16
Deprivation (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4)	0.95	0.90–1.00	0.07	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.12	0.94	0.89–1.00	0.06
Sunflowers
10% increase in crop density	1.03	0.94–1.14	0.26	1.05	0.94–1.16	0.21	1.04	0.94–1.16	0.22
Size of UU (Paris UU vs. others UU)	0.89	0.84–0.94	< 0.01	0.90	0.84–0.96	< 0.01	0.89	0.84–0.95	< 0.01
UV (> 105.5 J/cm² vs. ≤ 105.5 J/cm²)	1.00	0.96–1.05	0.89	1.03	0.97–1.08	0.37	1.03	0.98–1.09	0.25
Deprivation (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4)	0.95	0.90–1.00	0.06	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.11	0.94	0.89–1.00	0.06
Potatoes
10% increase in crop density	1.11	0.97–1.26	0.06	1.11	0.96–1.28	0.08	1.12	0.97–1.29	0.06
Size of UU (Paris UU vs. other UU)	0.89	0.84–0.95	< 0.01	0.90	0.85–0.96	< 0.01	0.90	0.84–0.96	< 0.01
UV (> 105.5 J/cm² vs. ≤ 105.5 J/cm²)	1.01	0.96–1.06	0.72	1.03	0.98–1.09	0.27	1.04	0.98–1.10	0.17
Deprivation (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4)	0.95	0.90–1.00	0.07	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.11	0.94	0.89–1.00	0.06
Fresh vegetables
10% increase in crop density	1.07	0.96–1.19	0.12	1.04	0.92–1.18	0.255	1.03	0.91–1.17	0.31
Size of UU (Paris UU vs. other UU)	0.89	0.84–0.94	< 0.01	0.90	0.84–0.96	< 0.01	0.89	0.84–0.95	< 0.01
UV (> 105.5 J/cm² vs. ≤ 105.5 J/cm²)	1.01	0.96–1.06	0.82	1.03	0.97–1.08	0.32	1.04	0.98–1.09	0.22
Deprivation (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4)	0.95	0.90–1.00	0.07	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.11	0.94	0.89–1.00	0.06
Dry vegetables
10% increase in crop density	1.02	0.89–1.18	0.37	1.00	0.86–1.17	0.50	1.00	0.85–1.17	0.51
Size of UU (Paris UU vs. other UU)	0.89	0.84–0.94	< 0.01	0.90	0.84–0.96	< 0.01	0.89	0.83–0.95	< 0.01
UV (> 105.5 J/cm² vs. ≤ 105.5 J/cm²)	1.01	0.96–1.06	0.81	1.03	0.97–1.08	0.33	1.03	0.98–1.09	0.22
Deprivation (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4)	0.95	0.90–1.00	0.07	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.11	0.94	0.89–1.00	0.06
Beet
10% increase in crop density	0.97	0.88–1.06	0.76	0.97	0.88–1.07	0.73	0.97	0.88–1.08	0.70
Size of UU (Paris UU vs. other UU)	0.89	0.84–0.94	< 0.01	0.90	0.84–0.95	< 0.01	0.89	0.83–0.95	< 0.01
UV (> 105.5 J/cm² vs. ≤ 105.5 J/cm²)	1.00	0.95–1.05	0.93	1.02	0.97–1.08	0.38	1.03	0.98–1.09	0.26
Deprivation (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4)	0.95	0.90–1.00	0.07	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.12	0.94	0.89–1.00	0.06

AL Acute leukaemia, ALL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, BCP-ALL B-cell precursors ALL, N Number of cases
^a The total crop density and the specific crop density in a municipality are defined as the ratio of the total area used for agriculture and the area used for the specific crop, respectively, over the total area of the municipality (based on national agricultural census data). Separate models were used for each specific crop as well as for total crops
p: p-value associated with the regression coefficients in the multivariate Poisson regression model

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