Table 2 Characteristics according to the occurrence of diabetes
|  | Non-diabetes (n = 47) | Prediabetes (n = 30) | Diabetes (n = 23) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 59.1 ± 9.5 | 60.1 ± 7.3 | 68.1 ± 7.6 |  < 0.001 |
Men, n (%) | 26 (55.3) | 13 (43.3) | 20 (87.0) |  < 0.01 |
New-onset comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
 Hypertension | 2 (4.3) | 3 (10.0) | 1 (4.3) | 0.577 |
 Dyslipidemia | 6 (12.8) | 2 (6.7) | 5 (21.7) | 0.286 |
 Cerebrovascular accident | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (4.3) | 0.281 |
 Myocardial infarction | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 |
Education level, n (%) | ||||
 Less than middle school | 9 (19.1) | 6 (20.0) | 10 (43.5) | 0.173 |
 High school graduate | 20 (42.6) | 13 (43.3) | 9 (39.1) | |
 College graduation or higher | 18 (38.3) | 11 (36.7) | 4 (17.4) | |
Income (KRW/mo), n (%) | ||||
  < 1.5 million | 10 (23.3) | 5 (17.2) | 10 (43.5) | 0.053 |
 1.5–3 million | 9 (20.9) | 9 (31.0) | 9 (39.1) | |
 3–6 million | 18 (41.9) | 10 (34.5) | 4 (17.4) | |
  > 6 million | 6 (14.0) | 5 (17.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
Smoke, n (%) | ||||
 Never | 33 (70.2) | 20 (66.7) | 6 (26.1) |  < 0.01 |
 Ex-smoker (> 20 pk) | 6 (12.8) | 3 (10.0) | 10 (43.5) | |
 Current smoker (> 20 pk) | 8 (17.0) | 7 (23.3) | 7 (30.4) | |
Drink, n (%) | ||||
 Never | 23 (48.9) | 17 (56.7) | 10 (43.5) | 0.369 |
 Ex-drinker | 3 (6.4) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
 Current drinker | 21 (44.7) | 12 (40.0) | 13 (56.5) | |
Regular moderate-intensity exercise, n (%) | ||||
 No | 19 (40.4) | 15 (50.0) | 10 (43.5) | 0.71 |
 Yes | 28 (59.6) | 15 (50.0) | 13 (56.5) | |
Waist circumference (cm) | 83.0 ± 8.3 | 81.8 ± 6.8 | 86.4 ± 8.1 | 0.098 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 2.3 | 24.1 ± 2.5 | 24.6 ± 2.7 | 0.739 |
Pulse (/min) | 70.1 ± 9.4 | 73.6 ± 10.9 | 77.4 ± 9.2 |  < 0.05 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 124.3 ± 12.3 | 123.1 ± 12.7 | 129.7 ± 19.5 | 0.375 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74.6 ± 9.2 | 72.9 ± 9.3 | 76.5 ± 14.1 | 0.534 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 89.2 ± 5.9 | 99.8 ± 7.5 | 125.9 ± 24.7 |  < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 6.6 ± 0.6 |  < 0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.067 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 194.0 ± 37.9 | 205.8 ± 37.9 | 179.1 ± 30.9 |  < 0.05 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 52.7 ± 11.7 | 55.2 ± 14.5 | 45.3 ± 9.4 |  < 0.01 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 117.7 ± 36.6 | 122.2 ± 33.9 | 103.1 ± 27.0 | 0.065 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 126.4 ± 108.9 | 141.8 ± 57.4 | 151.3 ± 74.9 | 0.534 |