Fig. 1

Typical approaches to exposure assessment. A Exposure assessments typically evaluate pollutants at the source, or at the receptor (e.g., in or near the bodies of people or animals that are potentially exposed). B There are three typical methods used to evaluate exposures of human populations: 1) Point of contact approaches utilize sensors placed near the individual to estimate exposures; 2) Scenario evaluation approaches measure pollutants within specific matrices (food, air, dust, water, etc.) and apply models of typical human interactions with those matrices to estimate daily intake; 3) Dose reconstruction approaches quantify pollutants in biological samples (urine, blood, etc.) and use toxicokinetic models to calculate daily intakes