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Table 1 Summary of outcomes and covariates for the study population

From: Using non-parametric Bayes shrinkage to assess relationships between multiple environmental and social stressors and neonatal size and body composition in the Healthy Start cohort

Variable

 

Full Cohort

(n = 1410)

Included

(n = 897)

Excluded

(n = 513)

P-valuea

Birth weight (g)

mean ± SD

3205 ± 538

3208 ± 527

3199 ± 559

0.776

Adiposity (% fat mass)b

mean ± SD

9.2 ± 4.0

9.0 ± 4.0

9.5 ± 3.9

0.028

Maternal Race/Ethnicity

    

0.003

 Hispanic/Latina

n (%)

351 (25)

238 (27)

113 (22)

 

 White non-Hispanic

n (%)

751 (52)

445 (50)

306 (60)

 

 African American

n (%)

219 (16)

154 (17)

65 (13)

 

 Other

n (%)

89 (6)

60 (7)

29 (6)

 

Maternal age (years)

mean ± SD

27.8 ± 6.2

27.6 ± 6.2

28 ± 6.2

0.254

Mean CPSS Score

mean ± SD

18.8 ± 3.1

18.6 ± 3.1

19.2 ± 3.1

0.002

Mean EPDS Score

mean ± SD

4.4 ± 3.4

4.3 ± 3.3

4.6 ± 3.7

0.125

Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2)

 

0.583

 Underweight (< 18.5)

n (%)

44 (3)

30 (3)

14 (3)

 

 Normal (18.5—25)

n (%)

727 (52)

453 (51)

274 (54)

 

 Overweight (25—30)

n (%)

355 (25)

235 (26)

120 (24)

 

 Obese (> 30)

n (%)

280 (20)

179 (20)

101 (20)

 

Maternal education level

    

0.816

 Less than high school

n (%)

204 (14)

137 (15)

67 (13)

 

 High school or GED

n (%)

259 (18)

166 (19)

93 (18)

 

 Some college/Associate's

n (%)

334 (24)

208 (23)

126 (25)

 

 Bachelor's Degree

n (%)

309 (22)

196 (22)

113 (22)

 

 Graduate Degree

n (%)

304 (22)

190 (21)

114 (22)

 

Any smoking during pregnancy?

    

0.940

 No

n (%)

1286 (91)

819 (91)

467 (91)

 

 Yes

n (%)

124 (9)

78 (9)

46 (9)

 

Any SHS exposure during pregnancy?

    

0.662

 No

n (%)

924 (75)

666 (74)

258 (76)

 

 Yes

n (%)

314 (25)

231 (26)

83 (24)

 

Infant sex

    

0.508

 Female

n (%)

646 (48)

438 (49)

208 (47)

 

 Male

n (%)

696 (52)

459 (51)

237 (53)

 

Gestational age (weeks)

mean ± SD

39.2 ± 1.9

39.3 ± 1.8

39.1 ± 2.2

0.052

Term status

    

0.147

 Pre-term (< 37 weeks)

n (%)

90 (7)

60 (7)

30 (6)

 

 Early Term (37 to < 39 weeks)

n (%)

331 (24)

200 (22)

131 (28)

 

 Full Term (39 to < 41 weeks)

n (%)

802 (59)

538 (60)

264 (57)

 

 Late Term (41 to < 42 weeks)

n (%)

126 (9)

87 (10)

39 (8)

 

 Post-term (> = 42 weeks)

n (%)

15 (1)

12 (1)

3 (1)

 

Low birth weight (< 2500 g)

n (%)

104 (8)

67 (7)

37 (8)

0.805

Days from delivery to PEA POD (days)

mean ± SD

1.6 ± 2.4

1.6 ± 2.5

1.8 ± 2.3

0.235

  1. Abbreviations: CPSS Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, EPSD Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, SHS Secondhand smoke
  2. a Chi square test for categorical variables; Student’s t test for continuous variables
  3. b Defined as (fat mass/total body mass) × 100%. Sample sizes for the adiposity variable are n = 1141 for the full cohort, n = 786 for the included cohort and n = 357 for the excluded cohort
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X