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Table 2 Number of avoidable deaths using national standard and international interim target 3 as control scenarios, by mortality cause using the ACAG model for surface PM2.5 concentration estimations, Colombia 2014–2019

From: Avoidable mortality due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 in Colombia 2014–2019

Mortality cause

National standard of 25 µg/m3

 

WHO interim target 3 of 15 µg/m3

 

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Total

Rate per million

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Total

Rate per million

All causes

13.82

33.90

63.97

4.69

5.28

20.35

142.01

5.18

6373.93

6277.51

6250.06

5416.70

4157.36

5865.66

34341.22

1253.24

Natural

11.56

28.36

58.49

3.96

4.63

19.02

126.01

4.60

5446.11

5332.35

5811.13

5058.35

3858.30

5460.55

30966.80

1130.09

Circulatory

6.10

15.13

24.88

2.05

2.99

9.70

60.85

2.22

2323.20

2302.94

2212.26

1890.48

1446.12

2016.85

12191.85

444.92

Respiratory

2.90

6.88

14.95

0.92

0.79

4.47

30.92

1.13

1473.80

1414.06

1415.53

1304.40

966.25

1412.04

7986.09

291.44

Cardiopulmonar

6.54

16.02

26.83

2.29

3.21

10.02

64.90

2.37

2429.83

2505.81

2411.67

2067.68

1576.37

2203.17

13194.53

481.52

Malignant respiratory tumors

0.09

0.23

0.20

0.00

0.00

0.07

0.59

0.02

41.95

45.10

39.56

36.39

29.67

40.27

232.93

8.50

Lung cancer

0.08

0.25

0.19

0.00

0.00

0.06

0.58

0.02

39.08

42.52

36.88

34.42

29.27

38.39

220.57

8.05

Ischemic heart disease

4.28

8.91

13.23

0.61

1.38

6.41

34.81

1.27

1188.18

1177.65

1128.39

996.18

776.75

1168.67

6435.82

234.87

Stroke

0.32

1.16

1.83

0.20

0.27

0.93

4.71

0.17

214.78

209.32

196.22

179.15

142.83

191.66

1133.96

41.38

COPD

0.21

0.18

0.35

0.07

0.06

0.16

1.03

0.04

57.52

46.99

42.73

36.20

26.59

38.02

248.05

9.05

ALRI

0.44

1.62

3.67

0.23

0.26

1.08

7.30

0.27

153.63

306.26

303.61

266.17

203.00

292.29

1524.96

55.65

  1. ACAC Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group
  2. ALRI Acute Lower Respiratory Infections
  3. COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  4. WHO World Health Organization