Characteristic | n | Mean ± SD or % |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Boys | 83 | 50.6% |
Girls | 81 | 49.4% |
Mother’s education level | ||
Low (graduated of high school or lower) | 35 | 21.3% |
High (graduated of college or higher) | 129 | 78.7% |
3–5 years of age | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 164 | 15.8 ± 1.6 |
Normal | 142 | 86.6% |
Overweight a | 22 | 13.4% |
Monthly household income | ||
Low (< 3 million won) | 41 | 26.6% |
Middle (< 5 million) | 65 | 42.2% |
High (≥ 5 million) | 48 | 31.2% |
7–9 years of age | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 163 | 17.0 ± 2.4 |
Normal | 143 | 87.7% |
Overweighta | 20 | 12.3% |
Monthly household income | ||
Low (< 3 million won) | 26 | 16.1% |
Middle (< 5 million) | 69 | 42.9% |
High (≥ 5 million) | 66 | 41.0% |
10–15 years of age | ||
Liver enzymes | ||
AST (IU/L) | 126 | 18.6 ± 6.1 |
ALT (IU/L) | 124 | 12.8 ± 8.8 |
γ-GTP (IU/L) | 125 | 13.9 ± 6.7 |
Second-hand smoke exposure | ||
No | 105 | 93.8% |
Yes | 7 | 6.3% |
Physical inactivity level (time spent sitting in leisure time) | ||
Within 1 h | 30 | 26.3% |
Over 1 h | 44 | 38.6% |
Over 2 h | 40 | 35.1% |