Table 3 Grading level and evidence strength of very high-and high-quality reviews

Green and blue spaces

Kidney disease (-)

Prostate cancer (-)

Lung cancer ( +)

Cancer (-)

Asthma ( +)

Atopic diseases (+ + +)

Respiratory diseases (+ +  + , +  +  + , +  + +)

T2DM (+ + , +  + , +  +  + , +  + +)

Stroke (+ +  + , +  + +)

CHD (+ +)

IHD (+ + +)

CVD (-, -, +  +  + , +  +  + , +  +  + , +  + +)

T2DM (+ +)

Walkability

CHD (-)

T2DM (+ , +  +  + , +  + +)

CHD (-)

Facilities for physical and leisure activities

T2DM (+ +)

CHD (+ + +)

Stroke (+ + +)

T2DM (+ + +)

Accessibility to infrastructure providing unhealthy food

Stroke (+ +)

CVD (+ +)

T2DM (+ + +)

Proximity to major roads

CHD (-)

CVD (-, + +)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (+ +)

Childhood leukemia (+ +  + , +  + +)

Proximity to industry

Respiratory tract diseases (+ +)

Lung cancer (+ + +)

Leukemia (+ +  + , +  + +)

CVD (+ +)

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (+ + +), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) (+ + +), multiple myeloma (MM) (+ + +)

Proximity to landfills

Asthma (+ +)

Breast cancer (+ +)

Liver cancer (+ + +)

Bladder cancer (+ + +)

NHL (+ + +)