Table 2 Literature search criteria for epidemiological studies: performed in August 2021 to cover papers published on PFAS not included in the EFSA opinions (2018, 2020), as well as papers published after July 2019 for the 27 PFASs included in the EFSA 2020 Opinion [10]. The original search included studies with several health outcomes. Thus, for the present review, immunotoxicological outcomes were used as inclusion criteria in the initial manual screening process. The literature search for the immune outcomes in humans was extended to cover the period from August 2021 to January 2022

1

(((perfluoroalkyl carboxylic or perfluorobutanoic or perfluoropentanoic or perfluorohexanoic or perfluoroheptanoic or perfluorooctanoic or perfluorononanoic or perfluorodecanoic or perfluoroundecanoic or perfluorododecanoic or perfluorotridecanoic or perfluorotetradecanoic or perfluoropentadecanoic or perfluorohexadecanoic or perfluorooctadecanoic) adj acid?) or PFCAs or PFBA or PFPeA or PFHxA or PFHpA or PFOA or PFNAor PFDA or PFUnDA or PFDoDA or PFTrDAor PFTeDA or PFPeDA or PFHxDA or PFODA or ((perfluoroalkane or perfluorobutane or perfluorohexane or perfluorooctane or perfluorodecane or perfluoroalkane) adj sulfonic acid?) or PFSAs or PFBS or PFHxS or PFOS or PFDS or PFSIAs or PFOSI or FASAs or FOSA or EtFASAs or EtFOSA or EtFASEs or EtFOSE or FC-807 or (n:2 adj (“fluorotelomer alcohol?” or FTOHs or “polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid ester?”)) or (8:2 adj (FTOH or “fluorotelomer alcohol” or monoPAP or “fluorotelomer phosphate monoester” or diPAP or “fluorotelomer phosphate diester”)) or ((perfluoroalkane or perfluorooctane) adj sulfonamide?) or (N-ethyl adj (perfluoroalkane or perfluorooctane) adj sulfonamidoethanol?) or “perfluoroalkyl phosphate” or “ammonium bis[2-[N-ethyl(heptadecafluorooctane)sulphonylamino]ethyl]phosphate”).tw,kf.

6557

2

limit 1 to yr = “2018 -Current”

2578

3

(TFMS or ((triflurooacetic or Trifluoromethanesulfonic) adj acid?)).tw,kf.

447

4

(PFCAs or PFBA or PFPeA or PFHxA or PFHpA or PFOA or APFO or PFNA or PFDA or PFUnDA or PFDoDA or PFTrDA or PFTeDA or PFPeDA or PFHxDA or PFHpDA or PFODA or perfluoroalkyl carboxylate? or ((“perfluoroalkyl carboxylic” or perfluorobutanoic or perfluorobutyric or perfluoropentanoic or perfluorohexanoic or perfluoroheptanoic or perfluorooctanoic or perfluorononanoic or perfluorodecanoic or perfluoroundecanoic or perfluorododecanoic or perfluorotridecanoic or perfluorotetradecanoic or perfluoropentadecanoic or perfluorohexadecanoic or perfluroheptadecanoic or perfluorooctadecanoic) adj acid?)).tw,kf.

5029

5

(PFSAs or PFBS or PFPeS or PFHxS or PFHpS or PFOS or PFNS or PFDS or perfluoroalkane sulfonate? or ((perfluoroalkane or perfluorobutane or perfluoropentane or perfluorohexane or perfluoroheptane or perfluoroheptane or perfluorooctane or perfluorononane or perfluorodecane) adj “sulfonic acid?”)).tw,kf.

4366

6

(PFSIAs or PFOSI or ((perfluoroalkane or perfluorooctane) adj “sulfinic acid?”)).tw,kf.

6

7

(PFECAs or HFPO-DA or GenX or DONA or ADONA or HFPO dimer acid fluoride or HFPO-TA or PFO4DA or PFO5DoDA or EEA-NH4 or mv31 K+ or F-DIOX or ((“perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic” or “hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer” or “dodecafluoro-3H-4,8-dioxanonanoic” or “perfluoro-3,5,7,9-butaoxadecanoic” or “perfluoro-3,5,7,9,11-pentaoxadodecanoic”) adj acid?) or “Hydro-Eve” or “ammonium difluoro[1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(pentafluoroethoxy)ethoxy]acetate” or “potassium 2-(3-trifluoromethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionate” or “ammonium difluoro{[2,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]oxy}acetate”).tw,kf.

306

8

(PFESAs or “6:2 Cl-PFESA; F-53B” or “8:2 Cl-PFESA; PFESA-BP2, Nafion Byproduct 2” or ((Perfluoroalkyl or “6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated” or “8:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated”) adj “ether sulfonic acid?”)).tw,kf.

47

9

(PASFs or POSF or (8:2 adj (FTOH or FTSA or monoPAP or diPAP)) or “6:2 FTSA” or PFOSA or FOSA or EtFOSA or FC-807 or (n:2 adj (FTOHs or FTSAs)) or FASAs or MeFASAs or EtFASAs or ((“perfluoroalkane sulfonyl” or perfluorooctanesulfonyl) adj fluoride?) or ((n:2 or 8:2 or 6:2) adj fluorotelomer adj (alcohol? or sulfonic acid? or phosphate monoester? or phosphate diester?)) or “n:2 Polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid esters” or (((perfluoroalkane or perfluorooctane) adj (sulfonamide? or sulfonamidoacetic acid?)) or perfluoroalkyl phosphate or “Ammonium bis[2-[N-ethyl (heptadecafluorooctane)” or “sulfonylamino]ethyl]phosphate”)).tw,kf.

852

10

(PASFs or POSF or (8:2 adj (FTOH or FTSA or monoPAP or diPAP)) or “6:2 FTSA” or PFOSA or FOSA or EtFOSA or FC-807 or (n:2 adj (FTOHs or FTSAs)) or PAPs or FASAs or MeFASAs or EtFASAs or ((“perfluoroalkane sulfonyl” or perfluorooctanesulfonyl) adj fluoride?) or ((n:2 or 8:2 or 6:2) adj fluorotelomer adj (alcohol? or sulfonic acid? or phosphate monoester? or phosphate diester?)) or “n:2 Polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid esters” or (((perfluoroalkane or perfluorooctane) adj (sulfonamide? or sulfonamidoacetic acid?)) or perfluoroalkyl phosphate or “Ammonium bis[2-[N-ethyl (heptadecafluorooctane)” or “sulfonylamino]ethyl]phosphate”)).tw,kf.

2751

11

((PFE adj (akane? or alkene?)) or Hostinert 216 or PMVE or PPVE or PEVE or Mv31 or Move3 or FC-3284 or PF-310 or Tetraconazole or Noviflumuron or Novec 7700 or (perfluoroether adj (alkane? or alkene?)) or “perfluoro(5,8,9,12-tetramethyl-4,7,10,13-tetraoxahexadecane)” or “perfluoro(5,6,9,12-tetramethyl-4,7,10,13-tetraoxahexadecane)” or “1,1,2-Trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene” or “1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-[(trifluorovinyl)oxy]propane perfluoropropylvinylether” or “1,1,2-Trifluoro-2-(pentafluoroethoxy)ethene” or “1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-1-trifluoromethoxy-3-trifluorovinyloxypropane” or “1-[difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methoxy]-1,2,2-trifluoroethylene” or “2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-octafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)morpholine” or “1-[3-[4-((heptadecafluorononyl)oxy)-benzamido]propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium iodide” or “1-[2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole” or “2-(trifluoromethoxy)-benzenesulphonamide” or “2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-octafluoro-4-(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropan-2-yl)morpholine” or “2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-octafluoro-4-(heptafluoropropyl)morpholine” or “(1 s,4r)-4-Propyl-4′-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,1′-bi(cyclohexyl)” or “2′,3,5-Trifluoro-4”-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxy-[1,1′;4′,1″]terphenyl” or “2,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-2,5-bis(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropan-2-yl)-5-methoxytetrahydrofuran”).tw,kf.

170

12

(perfluorocarbon? or “F-gas*” or HFC-23 or HFC-125 or HFC-134a or Norflurane or HFC-143a or HFC-227ea or HFC-236fa or HFC-236ea or HFC-245fa or HFC-365mfc or HFC-4310mee or Vertrel XF or HFC-5213 or HFC-7613 or C6-ethane or HFCPA or ZEORORA or HFE-7100 or HFE-7200 or HFE-7300 or HFE-7500 or HFE-365pcf3 or HFO-1234yf or HFO-1243zf or “HFO-1234ze(E)” or “HFO-1336mzz(Z)” or “HFO-1336mzz(E)” or HFO-1114 or HFO-1216 or HFO-1132a or Vinylidenfluoride or hydrofluorocarbon? or “fluoroform, trifluoromethane” or pentafluoroethane or “1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane” or “1,1,1-trifluoroethane” or “1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane” or “1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane” or “1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane” or “1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane” or “1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane” or “1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane” or “1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorooctane” or “1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane” or hydrofluoroether? or “1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane - 2-[difluoro(methoxy)methyl]-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (1:1)” or “1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-Decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentane” or “3-Ethoxyperfluoro(2-methylhexane)” or “3-(Difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropanec” or “hydrofluoroolefin?” or “2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propene” or “3,3,3-trifluoropropene” or “(1E)-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propene” or “(2Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2-butene” or “(2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2-butene” or tetrafluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene or “1-1-difluoroethene”).tw,kf.

4504

13

“2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol”.tw,kf.

676

14

(HFO or HFE or PFE or PAPs or TFE og HFC).tw,kf.

7299

15

or/3-14

20,190

16

2 or 15

20,191

17

epidemiologic studies/ or exp. case-control studies/ or exp. cohort studies/ or controlled before-after studies/ or cross-sectional studies/ or Controlled Before-After Studies/

2,739,581

18

(“non randomi*” or nonrandomi* or “case control” or casecontrol or Longitudinal or Retrospective or “panel study” or “panel studies” or crosssectional or crossectional or “cross sectional” or cohort analy* or “control group” or “case stud*”).tw,kf.

1,899,515

19

((cohort or controlled or comparative clinical) adj (study or studies or trial?)).tw,kf.

570,599

20

((observational or Follow up or epidemiologic$ or prospective) adj3 (study or studies or trial?)).tw,kf.

718,496

21

((“controlled before” adj2 after) or pretest or posttest or pre test or post test).tw,kf.

33,168

22

or/17-21

4,153,271

23

16 and 22

2976

24

(fluor* or perfluor* or polyfluor*).tw,kf.

818,697

25

23 and 24

1228

26

23 not 25

1748