Table 5 Influence of behavioral determinants and knowledge items at baseline on follow-up exclusive use of arsenic-safe water

How high or low are the chances of you getting health problems from arsenic if it is in your well water?

Perceived vulnerability

1.50

0.39, 5.77

0.559

0.70

0.26, 1.89

0.483

1.16

0.35, 3.89

0.810

How high or low are the chances of someone in your household getting health problems from arsenic if it is in your well water?

Perceived vulnerability

1.64

0.43, 6.22

0.465

0.72

0.28, 1.87

0.499

1.26

0.38, 4.23

0.704

How high or low are the chances of you getting health problems from arsenic if you drink water from an arsenic filter?

Perceived vulnerability

0.28

0.04, 1.85

0.184

0.40

0.06, 2.51

0.325

0.48

0.07, 3.52

0.470

I have been drinking this water for a long time with no health problems, so I am not concerned about arsenic in my well water.

Perceived vulnerability

0.26

0.07, 0.98

0.047

0.36

0.11, 1.12

0.078

0.22

0.06, 0.81

0.024

Because no one in my house has developed health problems from arsenic, I am not concerned about arsenic in my well water.

Perceived vulnerability

0.20

0.06, 0.65

0.008

0.34

0.13, 0.86

0.024

0.21

0.07, 0.62

0.005

I can afford to fix my arsenic filter if it breaks.

Perceived cost

2.67

0.70, 10.14

0.149

2.29

0.76, 6.96

0.143

2.02

0.59, 6.97

0.264

Of all the things I have to worry about, the arsenic filter is not at the top of my list.

Competing Priorities

0.27

0.07, 1.03

0.055

0.36

0.11, 1.26

0.112

0.23

0.06, 0.94

0.041

If given the choice, I would prefer bottled water over water from an arsenic filter.

User Preferences

0.26

0.06, 1.04

0.057

0.49

0.16, 1.54

0.225

0.27

0.07, 1.04

0.057

The tribal water system in my area has a safe level of arsenic.

Perceived safety of tribal water system

1.21

0.21, 7.10

0.832

0.50

0.12, 2.00

0.329

0.78

0.18, 3.41

0.740

How many people in your community have arsenic in their wells?

Perceived extent of contamination in community

0.78

0.12, 5.03

0.798

0.74

0.23, 2.41

0.617

0.51

0.12, 2.15

0.356

How many people in your community with arsenic in their wells drink this water without filtration?

Descriptive norm

0.86

0.23, 3.17

0.819

1.10

0.28, 4.34

0.892

How many people in your community with arsenic in their wells cook with this water without filtration?

Descriptive norm

0.73

0.10, 5.16

0.750

0.61

0.11, 3.35

0.571

How many people in your community with arsenic in their wells use bottled water for drinking?

Descriptive norm

1.24

0.24, 6.35

0.800

1.07

0.19, 6.04

0.937

How many people in your community with arsenic in their wells use an arsenic filter for their drinking water?

Descriptive norm

1.16

0.34, 4.00

0.816

1.20

0.23, 6.20

0.826

How many people in your community with arsenic in their wells use an arsenic filter for their cooking water?

Descriptive norm

0.69

0.15, 3.11

0.624

1.06

0.33, 3.35

0.926

How much would people who are important to you approve or disapprove of you using water containing high arsenic for drinking?

Injunctive norm

0.69

0.13, 3.48

0.648

0.22

0.04, 1.23

0.085

How much would people who are important to you approve or disapprove of you using water containing high arsenic for cooking?

Injunctive norm

0.29

0.05, 1.55

0.148

0.36

0.06, 2.19

0.269

How sure are you that you can get drinking water with a safe level of arsenic?

Self-efficacy

1.10

0.35, 3.44

0.864

1.35

0.38, 4.88

0.643

How sure are you that you can get water for cooking with a safe level of arsenic?

Self-efficacy

1.12

0.33, 3.74

0.858

1.03

0.32, 3.38

0.958

How sure are you that you could find local resources to learn about arsenic in water?

Self-efficacy

9.60

2.76, 33.35

0.000

2.57

0.82, 8.04

0.104

5.19

1.48, 18.21

0.010

How sure are you that local resources would help you resolve an arsenic-related problem with your private well?

Self-efficacy

3.58

1.22, 10.50

0.022

2.06

0.84, 5.06

0.114

3.11

1.11, 8.71

0.031

How sure are you that you can use your arsenic filter faucet every time you need water for drinking in your home?

Self-efficacy

9.17

1.15, 73.35

0.037

9.35

0.82, 107.19

0.073

How sure are you that you can use your arsenic filter faucet every time you need water for cooking in your home?

Self-efficacy

2.78

0.32, 23.93

0.353

5.85

0.56, 61.13

0.140

How sure are you that you will be able to buy a new arsenic filter cartridge when needed?

Self-efficacy

3.19

0.77, 13.21

0.110

4.44

1.38, 14.25

0.012

3.54

0.94, 13.37

0.062

How sure are you that you yourself can change your arsenic filter cartridge when needed?

Self-efficacy

4.59

1.43, 14.77

0.011

1.74

0.44, 6.92

0.435

2.22

0.54, 9.19

0.270

How sure are you that you will be able to use your arsenic filter consistently over the next year?

Self-efficacy

26.98

0.62, 1181.91

0.088

21.29

0.47, 965.67

0.116

19.93

0.23, 1750.44

0.190

How sure are you that you will be able to use your filter consistently over the next five years?

Self-efficacy

16.59

1.43, 192.12

0.025

5.56

0.71, 43.29

0.101

7.81

0.64, 94.81

0.107

How committed do you feel to drinking water only from your arsenic filter faucet?

Commitment strength

9.38

1.02, 86.55

0.048

32.57

1.42, 746.70

0.029

How committed do you feel to cooking with water only from your arsenic filter faucet?

Commitment strength

8.53

1.25, 58.14

0.029

15.90

1.33, 189.52

0.029

Overall arsenic knowledge

Knowledge

5.04

0.87, 29.13

0.071

2.43

0.34, 17.25

0.376

2.38

0.34, 16.82

0.386

Name two health conditions that can happen from arsenic exposure?

Knowledge

0.93

0.35, 2.48

0.882

0.68

0.26, 1.77

0.427

0.74

0.28, 1.98

0.554

Name two tasks where it is OK to use water with high arsenic?

Knowledge

2.24

0.72, 7.02

0.167

2.91

0.82, 10.30

0.097

2.08

0.52, 8.29

0.300

Name two tasks where it is NOT OK to use water with high arsenic?

Knowledge

5.33

0.88, 32.19

0.068

2.39

0.50, 11.47

0.280

2.70

0.49, 14.84

0.253

How could you remove arsenic from drinking water?

Knowledge

3.52

1.07, 11.58

0.039

1.44

0.46, 4.51

0.536

1.81

0.47, 6.98

0.389