Table 3 Association between cumulative exposure to fine (diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) particulate matter (PM_2.5) over 36 months and diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) by various patient characteristics. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, current alcohol use, median household income, current smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, COPD, and asthma

Sex

 Male

4744

1.47 (1.23, 1.75)

 Female

4165

1.38 (1.10, 1.72)

Race

 White

5758

1.42 (1.22, 1.66)

 African American

2124

1.71 (1.05, 2.79)

 Hispanic/Latino

389

1.91 (1.08, 3.37)

 Other

638

1.07 (0.66, 1.75)

BMI

 Underweight, < 18.5

256

4.54 (1.24, 16.62)

 Normal weight, 18.5 to < 25

3124

1.49 (1.19, 1.86)

 Overweight, 25 to < 30

2862

1.43 (1.14, 1.81)

 Obesity, > = 30

2667

1.28 (1.00, 1.69)

Smoking status

 Never smoker

5456

1.54 (1.30, 1.80)

 Current smoker

987

0.83 (0.47, 1.48)

 Former smoker

2466

1.33 (1.00, 1.76)

Alcohol consumption

 Never drinker

5306

1.37 (1.16, 1.64)

 Current drinker

3603

1.53 (1.23, 1.91)

Median annual household income (US $)^a

  < 50,000

1786

0.99 (0.71, 1.40)

 50,000 to < 100,000

5090

1.43 (1.19, 1.72)

  > =100,000

2033

1.77 (1.37, 2.29)