Skip to main content

Table 1 Main characteristics of polish male coke-oven workers and non-exposed controls

From: The effect of high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on biological aging indicators

Interval variables Frequency variables

Median(min; max) Number(%)

Statistical tests and p-values@

Coke-oven workers n=49

Controls n=45

General characteristics and PAHs§exposure

 Age (Years)

36(20−59)

37(21−58)

0.911

 Dieta

8(16%)

8(18%)

0.852

 Fruit and vegetablesb

27(55%)

22(49%)

0.549

 Indoor PAH exposurec

26(53%)

18(40%)

0.205

 Outdoor PAH exposured

17(34%)

16(36%)

0.930

 Nicotine & metabolites (mg/mmol creatinine)e

0(0%)

0(0%)

 

 Former smokers

20(41%)

16(36%)

0.600

 Years since cessation

6(1-26)

7(1-20)

0.640

 Length of work in the cokery (years)

10.5 (1; 40.0)

0 (0; 0)

 

 1-pyrenol (μmoles/mol creatinine) f

3.1(0.4; 7.5)

0.1(0.0; 0.4)

0.00001

 Occup_PAHsg

36.2(3.6; 253.0)

0(0; 0)

0.00001

 Environ_PAHsh

0.01313(-0.0471; 0.0607)

-0.0131(-0.0970; 0.0378)

0.0001

 nDNA_changesi

1.7377(-0.0006; 4.0372)

-0.5360 (-1.0397; 0.9357)

0.00001

Genotoxic alterations

 Anti-BPDE-DNA adducts (adducts/108 nucleotides) k

5.1 (0.9; 12.2)

0.1 (0.1; 5.6)

0.00001

 MN (MN/1000BN cells)

4 (1.0; 11.0)

0.01 (0; 4.0)

0.00001

Epigenetic alterations

 LINE-1 (%mC)

80.3(56.91; 83.7)

75.7(55.7; 85.7)

0.00001

 p53 (%mC)

11.8(5.6; 25.1)

18.6(6.9; 46.2)

0.0003

 Alu (%mC)

23.6(21.8; 24.5)

22.9(20.6; 24.4)

0.0007

 HICI (%mC)

17.2(10.4; 33.0)

20.4(7.4; 34.4)

0.048

 IL-6 (%mC)

48.4(34.5; 69.9)

44.7(28.7; 61.8)

0.095

 p16 (%mC)

1.9(1.3; 3.6)

2.1(0.8; 3.9)

0.205

GSTM1 genotyping

 *0/*0

18(41%)

25(54%)

0.204

 *1/*1 and *0/*1

26(59%)

22(46%)

Outcomes

 DNAmAge l

37(17.0; 54.0)

36(19.0; 52.0)

0.567

 AgeAcc m

-1(-22.0; 15.0)

-3(-13.0; 4.0)

0.096

 Subjects with AgeAcc ≥ 0 N (%)

20(40.8%)

7(15.6%)

0.007

 TL n

1.0(0.3; 3.0)

1.2(0.4; 2.1)

0.038

 mtDNAcno

1.0(0.4; 2.5)

0.9(0.3; 1.7)

0.128

  1. @ Statistical tests: Wilcoxon rank-sum test for interval variables and Chi-square test for frequency variables
  2. § PAHs = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  3. a Charcoaled meat consumption ≥ once a week
  4. b Daily consumption of fruit or vegetables
  5. c Wood or coal-based heating at home
  6. d High environmental exposure from residence in town, intense traffic and presence of industries near home
  7. e Positive subjects with values higher than threshold limit of assay (0.01 mg/mmoles creatinine)
  8. f PAHs exposure evaluated by urinary excretion of 1-pyrenol
  9. g Occup_PAHs = (years of work in the cokery) × (1-pyrenol in µmoles/mol creatinine)
  10. h Environ_PAHs = Latent variable estimated by SEM (environmental exposure to PAHs) based on diet, indoor and outdoor activities
  11. i nDNA_changes = Latent variable estimated by SEM (overall change of DNA) based on MN, Anti-BPDE-DNA adducts, LINE-1, p53, Alu, HICI, IL-6, p16, GSTM1
  12. k A value of 0.125 adducts/108 nucleotides was assigned to subjects with non-detectable adducts
  13. l DNAmAge = DNA methylation age
  14. m AgeAcc = difference between the DNAmAge and the chronological age
  15. n TL = Telomere length in lymphocytes
  16. o mtDNAcn = mitochondrial DNA copy number in lymphocytes
Back to article page

Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X