Table 1 Baseline characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and non-dementia cohort for 2008–2019

N = 1,436,361

 N = 134,811

 N = 12,215

Sex

Male

669,452

(46.6)

51,361

(38.1)

5,544

(45.4)

Female

766,909

(53.4)

83,450

(61.9)

6,671

(54.6)

Age

Mean ± SD

70.9

± 4.9

72.8

± 5.0

72.4

± 4.8

64–69

660,135

(46.0)

38,348

(28.5)

3,812

(31.2)

70–74

478,516

(33.3)

51,394

(38.1)

4,692

(38.4)

75–79

209,352

(14.6)

31,689

(23.5)

2,697

(22.1)

≥ 80

88,358

(6.2)

13,380

(9.9)

1,014

(8.3)

Insurance premium

Q1

260,168

(18.1)

21,430

(15.9)

1,996

(16.3)

Q2

204,095

(14.2)

18,959

(14.1)

1,698

(13.9)

Q3

327,911

(22.8)

30,411

(22.6)

2,768

(22.7)

Q4

644,187

(44.8)

64,011

(47.5)

5,753

(47.1)

Region ^*

7 Metropolitan

701,345

(48.8)

56,489

(41.9)

4,826

(39.5)

9 Province

735,016

(51.2)

78,322

(58.1)

7,389

(60.5)

BMI

< 23

534,276

(37.2)

53,849

(39.9)

4,682

(38.3)

23-<25

377,439

(26.3)

34,251

(25.4)

3,123

(25.6)

≥ 25

524,646

(36.5)

46,711

(34.7)

4,410

(36.1)

Smoking

Non

1,084,788

(75.5)

108,045

(80.2)

9,270

(75.9)

Past

175,085

(12.2)

13,069

(9.7)

1,397

(11.4)

Present

176,488

(12.3)

13,697

(10.2)

1,548

(12.7)

Drinking

< 1/week

1,120,964

(78.0)

111,217

(82.5)

9,722

(79.6)

1–2/week

167,038

(11.6)

11,931

(8.9)

1,201

(9.8)

≥ 3/week

148,359

(10.3)

11,663

(8.7)

1,292

(10.6)

Physical activity

None

598,686

(41.7)

63,421

(47.0)

5,855

(47.9)

1–2/week

191,296

(13.3)

16,578

(12.3)

1,529

(12.5)

3–4/week

175,165

(12.2)

15,059

(11.2)

1,256

(10.3)

≥ 5/week

471,214

(32.8)

39,753

(29.5)

3,575

(29.3)

Comorbidities

Depression

78,957

(5.5)

11,266

(8.4)

971

(8.0)

Traumatic brain injury

12,147

(0.8)

1,441

(1.1)

167

(1.4)

Hypertension

746,606

(52.0)

74,506

(55.3)

7,517

(61.5)

Diabetes mellitus

345,783

(24.1)

37,356

(27.7)

3,796

(31.1)

Hyperlipidemia

350,502

(24.4)

35,055

(26.0)

3,463

(28.4)

Coronary artery disease

178,569

(12.4)

18,684

(13.9)

1,779

(14.6)

Cerebrovascular disease

154,026

(10.7)

19,030

(14.1)

2,494

(20.4)

Atrial fibrillation

23,154

(1.6)

2,397

(1.8)

295

(2.4)

Peripheral vascular disease

123,727

(8.6)

14,042

(10.4)

1,288

(10.5)

Myocardial infarction

15,754

(1.1)

1,589

(1.2)

164

(1.3)

Stroke

110,242

(7.7)

13,836

(10.3)

1,984

(16.2)

COPD

186,585

(13.0)

19,378

(14.4)

1,758

(14.4)

Chronic liver disease

113,267

(7.9)

11,341

(8.4)

1,055

(8.6)

Chronic pulmonary disease

392,344

(27.3)

39,989

(29.7)

3,552

(29.1)

CCI

0

556,618

(38.8)

44,703

(33.2)

3,706

(30.3)

1–2

575,048

(40.0)

55,114

(40.9)

4,883

(40.0)

≥ 3

304,695

(21.2)

34,994

(26.0)

3,626

(29.7)

Proportion of elderly (mean ± SD)

9.8

± 3.2

10.2

± 3.5

9.9

± 3.5

Proportion of the basic livelihood security recipient (mean ± SD)

3.2

± 1.3

3.4

± 1.4

3.3

± 1.3

Proportion of people with no high school diploma (mean ± SD)

21.4

± 7.6

22.6

± 7.9

22.3

± 7.8

Follow-up (year) (mean ± SD)

8.6

± 4.1

7.4

± 3.0

6.6

± 2.8

PM₁₀(µg/m³) (mean ± SD)

48.4

± 7.7

46.0

± 7.0

47.2

± 7.1