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Table 2 Relative risks of developing VAP with combinations of incremental PM2.5 concentrations and lag times

From: Short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate pollution aggravates ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care patients undergoing cardiovascular surgeries

Each PM2.5 increase (ug/m3)

Lag 0- day

Lag 1-day

Lag 2-day

Lag 3-day

Lag 4-day

Lag 5-day

Lag 6-day

Lag 7-day

10

1.005 (0.945, 1.069)

1.031 (0.971, 1.095)

1.054 (1.014, 1.095)

1.042 (1.006, 1.079)

1.017 (0.987, 1.047)

1.004 (0.971, 1.037)

1.004 (0.979, 1.03)

1.01 (0.96, 1.063)

20

1.011 (0.894, 1.143)

1.062 (0.942, 1.198)

1.11 (1.029, 1.198)

1.085 (1.012, 1.163)

1.033 (0.974, 1.096)

1.008 (0.944, 1.076)

1.008 (0.958, 1.06)

1.02 (0.922, 1.128)

30

1.016 (0.847, 1.22)

1.094 (0.916, 1.307)

1.168 (1.044, 1.308)

1.129 (1.018, 1.251)

1.05 (0.962, 1.146)

1.012 (0.918, 1.115)

1.011 (0.938, 1.09)

1.029 (0.887, 1.195)

40

1.022 (0.804, 1.3)

1.126 (0.891, 1.422)

1.227 (1.058, 1.423)

1.173 (1.025, 1.343)

1.067 (0.952, 1.197)

1.016 (0.894, 1.154)

1.015 (0.919, 1.12)

1.038 (0.853, 1.262)

50

1.028 (0.766, 1.381)

1.157 (0.869, 1.541)

1.286 (1.072, 1.541)

1.217 (1.031, 1.437)

1.085 (0.942, 1.249)

1.021 (0.873, 1.193)

1.018 (0.902, 1.148)

1.045 (0.823, 1.327)

60

1.035 (0.733, 1.462)

1.187 (0.848, 1.66)

1.343 (1.086, 1.661)

1.261 (1.038, 1.531)

1.102 (0.935, 1.299)

1.026 (0.854, 1.232)

1.021 (0.887, 1.175)

1.05 (0.795, 1.388)

  1. Distributed lag non-linear model was fitted by incorporating the daily average PM2.5 on the lag days, covariates including maximum and minimum temperature, and humidity. PM2.5 value and its lag effect were modelled by a polynomial function with 3 degrees of freedom. Data presented as risk score (95% confidence interval)