Short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate pollution aggravates ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care patients undergoing cardiovascular surgeries

Table 3 Relative risk of developing VAP with exposure to different combination of pollutants

	Increase in VAP (%)	SE	P	95% CI	RR
Main analysis^a	5.4	0.019	0.005	1.016–1.097	1.056
Single-pollutant analysis^b	5.3	0.02	0.007	1.014–1.095	1.054
Two-pollutant model^c
PM_2.5 + SO₂	5.3	0.02	0.006	1.015–1.096	1.055
PM_2.5 + O₃	5.4	0.019	0.006	1.016–1.096	1.055
Low-exposure analysis^d	11.1	0.034	0.001	1.045–1.195	1.117
High-exposure analysis^d	2.4	0.023	0.295	0.979–1.072	1.025

For this analysis, lag time was fixed at lag 2-day and the incremental PM_2.5 level at 10 μg/m³
^aThe main analysis modeled the effects of all three pollutants, PM_2.5, SO₂ and O₃
^bThe single-pollutant analysis modeled the effect of PM _2.5 alone
^cThe two-pollutant analysis modeled the effect of PM _2.5 with SO₂ or O3
^dAccording to the recent Chinese guideline for PM_2.5, the cut-off value for low- and high-exposure is 50 μg/m³

ISSN: 1476-069X