Table 2 RF EMF effects on cognitive performance in studies with a between-group design.
Study | RF EMF Exposure | Experimental Design | Cognitive Task(s) | Results | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters [Modulation ()] | Side | Duration (min) | Sample | Handedness | Blinding | No | Duration (min) | Practice | Time point | ||||
Bessett et al. 2005 [47] | 900 MHz (217 Hz), 576 μs pulse width, SAR = 0.54 W/kg | L+R | 120/day (5days per week, 4 weeks) | EG: 14 M, 14 F | CG: 13 M, 14 F | R (47) L (8) | DB | 22 | ~120 | - | B, D, A | n.s. | |
Edelstyn & Oldershaw 2002 [29] | 900 MHz, SAR = 1.19 W/kg | L | 30 | EG: 19 | CG: 19 | R | SB | 6 | ~8 | - | B, A | After 15 min exposure: | |
↑ Verbal memory capacity (Digit Span Forwards) | |||||||||||||
↓ Visuospatial working memory capacity (Spatial Span Backwards) | |||||||||||||
↑ Sustained attention/↓ processing speed (Serial Subtraction) | |||||||||||||
Fritzer et al. 2007 [43] | 900 MHz (2, 8, 217, 1736 Hz), SAR = 24 mW/kg (whole body) | T | 405- 525/night (6 nights) | EG: 10 M | CG: 10 M | - | - | 7 | - | - | B, A | n.s. | |
Lass et al. 2002 [33] | 450 MHz (7 Hz), 50% duty cycle, 1 W output power SAR = 0.0095 W/kg | R | 10-20 | EG: 50 | CG: 50 | - | SB | 3 | 10-20 | - | D | ↑ Variances of errors (Modified Trail Making Test B) | |
↓ Errors (Visual Short Term Memory Task) | |||||||||||||
↑ Variances of errors (Symbol Digit Modality Test) | |||||||||||||
Lee et al. 2003 [28] | 1900 MHz (Nokia 3210) | R | 30 | EG: 39 | CG: 39 | R | SB | 3 | ~25 (repeated twice) | - | D | ↓ RT (Sustained Attention To Response Task) | |
Luria et al. 2009 [32] | 890.2 MHz, 577 μs pulse width, 2 W peak power (Nokia 5110) | L+R | ~60 | EG1 16 M | EG2 16 M | CG 16 M | R | SB | 1 | ~5 (repeated 12 times) | ✓ | D | ↑ RT with right hand (left side exposure, 1st two blocks, Spatial Item Recognition Task) |
Smythe & Costall 2003 [34] | 1800 MHz, SAR = 0.79 W/kg (Ericsson A2618s) | L | 15 | EG1 8 M 9 F | EG2 15 M 11 F | EG3 10 M 9 F | R | SB | 1 | 3 | - | D | ↑ Spatial accuracy in males (Spatial Word Recall Task) |
Wiholm et al. 2009 [35] | 884 MHz (GSM), psSAR10 g = 1.4 W/kg (time-averaged) | L | 150 | EG1: 23 9 M 14 F | EG2: 19 12 M 7 F | - | DB | 1 | - | - | B, A | ↓ Distance traveled in Virtual Morris Water Task (EG1) | |