Integrated exposure assessment of sewage workers to genotoxicants: an urinary biomarker approach and oxidative stress evaluation

Table 2 The mean (range) (ng.m^- ³) concentration at the workplaces and the corresponding nearest ambient air measurements of PAHs, and the derived total [B(a)P]eq and cancer risk estimates.

PAHs	Sewage workplace (n = 26)	Office workplace (n = 26)	Traffic (n = 23)	Urban (n = 23)
Benzo(a)pyrene	6 (0.5-62.1)	0.4 (0.2-2.4)	0.7 (0.1-1.6)	0.5 (0.2-5.8)
Anthracene	6.7 (0.5-32.1)	0.9 (0.1-1.8)	3.2 (0.3-14.5)	0.2 (0.02-0.8)
Benz(a)anthracene	4.6 (0.3-31.8)	0.5 (0.2-2.4)	0.5(0.2-1.2)	0.2 (0.02-0.6)
Benzo(b)fluoranthene	4.3 (0.5-30.1)	0.4 (0.1-2.4)	0.6 (0.2-1.6)	0.3 (0.05-1.1)
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene	4.4 (0.4-24)	0.5 (0.1-3.8)	0.8 (0.2-1.7)	0.3 (0.06-1)
Benzo(k)fluornathene	2.0 (0.2-15.2)	0.2 (0.08-1.2)	0.2 (0.07-0.6)	0.2 (0.01-2.5)
Chrysene	7.7 (1-30)	2.2 (1.1-6.8)	0.7 (0.3-0.2)	0.3 (0.1-0.8)
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene	0.9 (0.01-5.4)	0.1 (0.01-0.5)	0.02 (0.01-0.06)	0.02 (0.01-0.06)
Fluoranthene	23.7 (2.4-104.6)	4.3 (2.5-8.1)	3.8 (2-5)	1.6 (0.8-4.3)
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene	3 (0.3-15.9)	0.3 (0.08-2.4)	0.4 (0.07-1)	0.2 (0.02-0.7)
Phenanthrene	71.2 (12.5-220)	22.3 (9-43.9)	11.9 (5.2-18.1)	5.2 (2.3-14.2)
Pyrene	19.3 (2.3-78.4)	5.5 (1.2-21.7)	4.8 (2.8-6.3)	1.3 (0.6-3.4)
Benzo(j)fluoranthene	3.9 (0.3-21.6)	0.4 (0.1-3.3)	0.4 (0.03-1.2)	0.2 (0.03-0.8)
Total [B(a)P]eq (ng m^-3)	13.66	1.15	1.08	0.73
B(a)P equivalent lifetime cancer risk	15.02 × 10^-6	1.26 × 10^-6	1.19 × 10^-6	0.80 × 10^-6

a. B(a)P TEFs according to Nisbet and LaGoy (1992), for benzo(j)fluoranthene Collins et al. (1998) value was applied.
b. The U.S. EPA inhalation unit cancer risk of B(a)P = 1.1 × 10^-6 (ng/m³)^-1 was used (U.S. EPA 2009).
Total [B(a)p]eq, total benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration.

ISSN: 1476-069X