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Table 3 Hazard ratio (HR) for a cryptorchidism diagnosis with or without orchipexy among 45,341 Danish boys, according to parental occupational exposure to ECDs before and during pregnancy.

From: Parental occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and male genital malformations: A study in the danish national birth cohort study

EDCs occupational

exposures

Study

Population

(N = 45341)

(%)

No orchiopexy

(n = 426)

Orchiopexy

(n = 576)

   

N

(CIP)

HRc

HRa*

(95% CI)

N

(CIP)

HRc

HRa*

(95% CI)

Maternal

exposure

Unlikely

42474

(93.7)

378

(0.9)

1.0

1.0

498

(1.2)

1.0

1.0

 

Possible

277

(0.6)

-

1.2

1.8

(0.5-3.1)

7

(2.5)

2.1

2.8

(0.7-4.9)

 

Probable

2590

(5.7%)

16

(6.2)

0.9

0.9

(0.3-1.5)

30

(1.2)

1.0

0.7

(0.21.2)

Paternal

exposure

Unlikely

38726

(85.4)

351

(0.9)

1.0

1.0

448

(1.2)

1.0

1.0

 

Possible

410

(0.9)

3

(0.7)

0.8

0.5

(0.1-2.5)

4

(1.0)

0.8

0.6

(0.1-1.1)

 

Probable

6205

(13.7)

40

(0.7)

1.0

1.2

(0.8-1.6)

83

(1.2)

1.1

1.3

(0.8-1.8)

  1. CI = Confidence Interval.
  2. CIP = Cumulative Incidence Proportion per 100 boys.
  3. *HRa.- Hazard Ratio Adjusted by age of the mother and the father; mothers' pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2); earlier spontaneous abortion; parity; birth weight of boys; gestational age; oral contraceptives used; treatment of infertility; time taken to conceive; mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy; binge drinking; maternal smoking during pregnancy; paternal smoking; gynecological disease; maternal vegetarian diet.