Exposure to road traffic and railway noise and associations with blood pressure and self-reported hypertension: a cohort study

Table 3 Modification of associations between the preceding 1-year L_den and systolic blood pressure by baseline characteristics

Covariates	N	Differences in systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) (95% CI) per 10 dB(A) increase in 1-year exposure to road traffic noise	P	P_interaction
Gender				0.01
Women	22,928	-0.04 (-0.48; 0.40)	0.87
Men	21,155	0.59 (0.13; 1.05)	0.01
Age				0.08
≤ 60 years	32,962	0.13 (-0.28; 0.53)	0.54
> 60 years	11,121	0.65 (0.08; 1.22)	0.03
Years of education				0.37
≤ 7	14,381	0.27 (-0.25; 0.78)	0.31
8-10	20,239	0.40 (-0.06; 0.87)	0.09
≥ 11	9,463	-0.08 (-0.70; 0.54)	0.80
Municipality SES^a				0.63
Low	6,268	0.57 (-0.22; 1.36)	0.16
Medium	28,572	0.19 (-0.23; 0.61)	0.37
High	9,243	0.32 (-0.32; 0.95)	0.33
Outdoor temperature (°C)				0.09
≤ 15	38,894	0.18 (-0.20; 0.57)	0.35
> 15	5,189	0.87 (0.07; 1.66)	0.03
Prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease^b				0.29
Yes	998	1.15 (-0.54; 2.85)	0.18
No	43,085	0.24 (-0.13; 0.62)	0.21

Analyses adjusted by age, gender, calendar-year, area, lifestyle factors (smoking, BMI, length of school attendance, municipality SES, alcohol intake and physical activity), air pollution season, temperature and humidity
^a Socioeconomic status of municipalities based on municipality information on education, work market affiliation and income
^b A diagnosis of myocardial infarction and/or stroke before enrolment

ISSN: 1476-069X