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Figure 1 | Environmental Health

Figure 1

From: Activation of inflammatory responses in human U937 macrophages by particulate matter collected from dairy farms: an in vitro expression analysis of pro-inflammatory markers

Figure 1

A) Effect of PM collected on five different dairy farms in California (#51, 54, 56, 57, and 60) on the expression of IL-8 in human U937 macrophages. Cells were treated with 10 μg/ml PM collected with a High-Vol sampler containing different particle size cutoffs of 10.2 (PM A), 4.2 (PM B), 2.1 (PM C), and 1.3 μm (PM D) for 6 h. IL-8 mRNA expression was determined using real-time PCR. Values are given as mean ± SD of three independent experiments and expressed as fold increase above control cells. B) Effect of PM collected on dairy #57 in California compared to PM collected in an urban area (Fresno, CA). Cells were treated for 6 h with 10 μg/ml PM collected with a High-Vol sampler containing particle size cutoffs of 10.2 (PM A), 4.2 (PM B), 2.1 (PM C), and 1.3 μm (PM D) or treated with 10 μg/ml of PM collected in a neighboring urban area (Fresno, CA). IL-8 mRNA expression was determined using real-time PCR. Values are given as mean ± SD. *Significantly increased compared to control cells (p < 0.05); **Significantly increased compared to cells treated with urban PM (p < 0.05).

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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X