|
Variables
|
Ever user (n = 11,013)
|
Nonuser (n = 3,055)
|
P-valuec
|
|---|
|
Age, yrs
|
52.9 ± 15.0
|
33.2 ± 12.5
|
< 0.001
|
|
18-29
|
842 (36.2)
|
1,481 (63.8)
| |
|
30-39
|
1,363 (61.7)
|
848 (38.3)
| |
|
40-49
|
1,898 (84.8)
|
340 (15.2)
| |
|
50-59
|
3,558 (93.3)
|
255 (6.7)
| |
|
60 ≥
|
3,352 (96.2)
|
131 (3.8)
| |
|
Gender
| | | |
|
Male
|
5,053 (78.2)
|
1,410 (21.8)
|
0.01
|
|
Female
|
5,960 (78.4)
|
1,645 (21.6)
|
Reference
|
|
Education
| | | |
|
Less than high school
|
5,248 (92.7)
|
413 (7.3)
|
< 0.001
|
|
High school
|
4,502 (74.2)
|
1,562 (25.8)
|
0.76
|
|
College or above
|
1,262 (53.9)
|
1,079 (46.1)
|
Reference
|
|
BMIa, kg/cm2
| | | |
|
≥ 25.0
|
3,063 (85.1)
|
536 (14.9)
|
0.10
|
|
18.5-24.9
|
7,342 (77.1)
|
2,183 (22.9)
|
0.76
|
|
< 18.5
|
577 (63.8)
|
328 (36.2)
|
Reference
|
|
Waist circumferenceb, cm
| | | |
|
≥ 80 (female) or 90 (male)
|
8,280 (81.8)
|
1,847 (18.2)
|
0.06
|
|
< 80 (female) or 90 (male)
|
2,665 (69.1)
|
1,180 (31.9)
|
Reference
|
|
Second-hand smoke
| | | |
|
Never
|
2,149 (69.2)
|
957 (30.8)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Ever
|
8,862 (80.9)
|
2,098 (19.1)
|
Reference
|
|
Smoking
| | | |
|
Current smoker
|
2,717 (84.5)
|
498 (15.5)
|
0.01
|
|
Ex-smoker
|
604 (92.8)
|
47 (7.2)
|
0.78
|
|
Never-smoker
|
7,383 (75.4)
|
2,408 (24.6)
|
Reference
|
|
Amount of smoking, pack-years
|
8.0 ± 23.1
|
2.4 ± 11.2
|
0.24
|
-
Note: The number of subjects may not total 100% (N = 14,068) due to missing.
-
a Classified by the international classification of adult underweight ( < 18.5), normal (18.5-24.9), and overweight or obese (≥ 25.0) according to WHO cut-off point; b Classified by the Asia-Pacific guidelines for the management of obesity (WHO 2000); c P-value for comparing the difference between ever users versus nonusers, given by logistic regression analysis after adjusting for all potential confounding variables.
