In-home solid fuel use and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the Shanghai Putuo study

Table 2 General characteristics of the study population, stratified by in-home solid fuel use, N (%) or Mean ± SD

Variables	Ever user (n = 11,013)	Nonuser (n = 3,055)	P-value^c
Age, yrs	52.9 ± 15.0	33.2 ± 12.5	< 0.001
18-29	842 (36.2)	1,481 (63.8)
30-39	1,363 (61.7)	848 (38.3)
40-49	1,898 (84.8)	340 (15.2)
50-59	3,558 (93.3)	255 (6.7)
60 ≥	3,352 (96.2)	131 (3.8)
Gender
Male	5,053 (78.2)	1,410 (21.8)	0.01
Female	5,960 (78.4)	1,645 (21.6)	Reference
Education
Less than high school	5,248 (92.7)	413 (7.3)	< 0.001
High school	4,502 (74.2)	1,562 (25.8)	0.76
College or above	1,262 (53.9)	1,079 (46.1)	Reference
BMI^a, kg/cm²
≥ 25.0	3,063 (85.1)	536 (14.9)	0.10
18.5-24.9	7,342 (77.1)	2,183 (22.9)	0.76
< 18.5	577 (63.8)	328 (36.2)	Reference
Waist circumference^b, cm
≥ 80 (female) or 90 (male)	8,280 (81.8)	1,847 (18.2)	0.06
< 80 (female) or 90 (male)	2,665 (69.1)	1,180 (31.9)	Reference
Second-hand smoke
Never	2,149 (69.2)	957 (30.8)	< 0.001
Ever	8,862 (80.9)	2,098 (19.1)	Reference
Smoking
Current smoker	2,717 (84.5)	498 (15.5)	0.01
Ex-smoker	604 (92.8)	47 (7.2)	0.78
Never-smoker	7,383 (75.4)	2,408 (24.6)	Reference
Amount of smoking, pack-years	8.0 ± 23.1	2.4 ± 11.2	0.24

Note: The number of subjects may not total 100% (N = 14,068) due to missing.
^a Classified by the international classification of adult underweight ( < 18.5), normal (18.5-24.9), and overweight or obese (≥ 25.0) according to WHO cut-off point; ^b Classified by the Asia-Pacific guidelines for the management of obesity (WHO 2000); ^c P-value for comparing the difference between ever users versus nonusers, given by logistic regression analysis after adjusting for all potential confounding variables.

ISSN: 1476-069X