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Table 4 CIMT* difference (μm) for pollutant IQR increases by analysis model and exposure estimation approach

From: Particulate matter components and subclinical atherosclerosis: common approaches to estimating exposure in a Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cross-sectional study

 

PM2.5*

EC*

OC*

Silicon

Sulfur

 

CIMT difference (95% CI)

CIMT difference (95% CI)

CIMT difference (95% CI)

CIMT difference (95% CI)

CIMT difference (95% CI)

Model 1**

     

   Nearest Monitor

13.7 (8.0,19.5)

8.2 (2.2,14.2)

36.5 (28.3,44.7)

3.1 (−11.9,18.0)

22.6 (14.9,30.2)

   IDW

8.8 (4.8,12.7)

4.8 (0.0,9.5)

25.4 (19.9,30.8)

−0.6 (−10.2,9.0)

23.8 (15.8,31.8)

   City-Wide Average

7.6 (3.7,11.3)

2.6 (−1.9,7.1)

21.3 (16.4,26.2)

−0.2 (−9.9,9.5)

22.9 (14.8,31.0)

Model 2**

     

   Nearest Monitor

14.7 (9.0,20.5)

9.6 (3.6,15.7)

35.1 (26.8,43.3)

5.2 (−9.8,20.1)

22.7 (15.0,30.4)

   IDW

9.6 (5.7,13.5)

6.0 (1.3,10.8)

24.9 (19.4,30.3)

1.3 (−8.3,10.9)

24.0 (16.0,32.0)

   City-Wide Average

8.5 (4.7,12.3)

3.9 (−0.5,8.4)

20.6 (15.7,25.5)

1.8 (−7.9,11.4)

23.3 (15.2,31.4)

Model 3**

     

   Nearest Monitor

15.8 (9.9,21.7)

10.8 (4.6,16.9)

36.5 (28.0,44.9)

7.3 (−8.0,22.5)

23.9 (16.0,31.7)

   IDW

10.6 (6.5,14.6)

7.2 (2.3,12.0)

26.9 (21.2,32.6)

2.4 (−7.4,12.2)

25.4 (17.2,33.5)

   City-Wide Average

9.6 (5.7,13.5)

5.0 (0.4,9.6)

21.8 (16.7,26.9)

2.8 (−7.1,12.7)

24.8 (16.5,33.1)

Model 4**

     

   Nearest Monitor

5.9 (−10.3,22.0)

6.3 (−11.4,23.8)

−2.3 (−26.2,21.5)

−10.1 (−41.0,20.6)

27.4 (−19.3,73.8)

   IDW

6.0 (−9.8,21.8)

12.1 (−11.0,35.0)

***

−8.5 (−47.2,30.0)

***

  1. *PM2.5, particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; EC, elemental carbon; OC, organic carbon; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness.
  2. **Model 1: covariates include age, gender, race-ethnicity.
  3. Model 2: Model 1 + total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, smoking status, hypertension, lipid-lowering medication.
  4. Model 3: Model 2 + education, income, waist circumference, body surface area, BMI, BMI2, diabetes, LDL, triglycerides.
  5. Model 4: Model 2 + metropolitan area.
  6. ***unstable estimate.