The contribution of housing renovation to children’s blood lead levels: a cohort study

Table 3 Adjusted change in blood lead concentration (μg/dL) associated with sources of environmental lead, behaviors, dietary iron intake, and demographic characteristics from 6 to 24 months of age*

Variables		Change in blood lead concentration
Variables	Estimate (standard error)	5^thpercentile	95^thpercentile	Percent change	Absolute change (μg/dL)†	P value
Floor lead (μg/ft²)	0.014 (0.003)	0.8	30.7	39.4	1.97	<.0001
Soil lead (ppm)	0.002 (0.001)	0.18	46.6	11.3	0.57	0.02
Water lead (> 5 ppb)	0.186 (0.052)			20.4	1.02	<0.001
Time spent outdoors	0.090 (0.034)			9.4	0.47	0.009
Soil ingestion	0.143 (0.037)			15.3	0.77	<0.001
Interior renovation	0.115 (0.037)			12.2	0.61	0.002
Age-modified variables
Iron intake (mg/day)	0.011 (0.004)					0.003
6 mo		5.6	39.4	−30.7	−1.54
12 m		4.9	31.0	−0.8	−0.40
18 mo		4.4	18.1	2.3	0.12
24 mo		5.0	20.0	7.7	0.38
Rental housing	−0.346 (0.089)					<0.001
6 mo				−8.6	−0.43
12 mo				16.2	0.81
18 mo				33.7	1.68
24 mo				47.7	2.38
Ingest paint chips	−0.246 (0.094)					0.009
6 mo				37.8	−1.89
12 mo				16.2	0.81
18 mo				5.1	1.68
24 mo				−2.1	2.38
Trough lead (μg/ft²)	0.019 (0.009)					0.044
6 mo		0.034	23.20	−9.4	−0.47
12 mo		0.005	4.69	4.1	0.21
18 mo		0.005	4.41	7.4	0.37
24 mo		0.002	6.52	15.1	0.75
Black race	0.179 (0.067)					0.007
6 mo				27.3	1.36
12 mo				44.1	2.21
18 mo				55.0	2.75
24 mo				63.2	3.16

* The percent change that is presented represents the change a child would incur if they increased their exposure from the 5^th percentile of a given exposure to the 95^th percentile; for age modified variables the percent change is presented for the specific 6 month measure. The variables with no presented value in the 5^th and 95^th columns were dichotomous, thus there is no 5^th or 95^th percentile.
† The absolute change that is presented represents the change a child with a blood lead concentration of 5 μg/dL would incur for a given exposure, behavior, or characteristic.

ISSN: 1476-069X