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Table 3 Work-day/Weekday micro-environment time-activity mean hours per day and percent of total 24-hour day

From: Positional error and time-activity patterns in near-highway proximity studies: an exposure misclassification analysis

 

Inside home

Outside home

School/ work

Other

Highway

 

Mean (SD)

%/Day

Mean (SD)

%/Day

Mean (SD)

%/Day

Mean (SD)

%/Day

Mean (SD)

%/Day

All participants

17.62 (4.4)

74%

1.61 (2.5)

7%

3.20 (4.5)

13%

1.26 (2.3)

5%

0.31 (0.9)

1%

Gender

          

 Male

17.22 (4.5)

72%

1.81 (2.8)

7%

3.35 (4.3)

14%

1.18 (2.1)

5%

0.44 (1.2)*

2%

 Female

17.91 (4.3)

75%

1.45 (2.3)

6%

3.11 (4.5)

13%

1.32 (2.4)

5%

0.21 (0.5)*

<1%

Age

          

 < 60 yrs

15.85 (4.5)*

66%

1.42 (2.8)*

6%

5.09 (5.0)*

21%

1.27 (2.3)

5%

0.37 (0.7)*

2%

 >= 60 yrs

19.48 (3.5)*

82%

1.81 (2.2)*

8%

1.22 (3.1)*

5%

1.25 (2.2)

5%

0.24 (1.0)*

1%

Employment status

          

  Full time working or student and part time working

13.75 (3.4)*

57%

1.12 (2.8)*

5%

7.54 (4.15)*

31%

1.05 (2.2)*

5%

0.54 (1.2)*

2%

  Retired, disabled, homemaker or unemployed

20.09 (2.9)*

84%

1.92 (2.3)*

8%

0.42 (1.75)*

2%

1.41 (2.3)*

6%

0.16 (0.5)*

<1%

Race/ethnicity

          

 White

17.18 (4.4)*

72%

1.25 (2.4)*

5%

3.53 (4.5)

15%

1.71 (2.5)**

7%

0.33 (0.84)*

1%

 Black

16.99 (4.6)

71%

0.86 (1.8)*

3%

3.51 (4.4)

15%

1.92 (2.9)**

8%

0.72 (1.9)***

3%

 Asian

18.23 (4.2)*

76%

2.31 (2.6)**

10%

2.57 (4.3)

11%

0.73 (1.6)**

3%

0.16 (0.5)*

<1%

 Other

18.07 (5.0)

76%

1.49 (2.6)

6%

3.57 (5.3)

15%

0.56 (1.4)**

2%

0.31 (0.5)*

1%

Educational attainment

          

 Less than high school diploma

18.45 (4.6)**

77%

2.19 (3.0)***

9%

2.22 (4.3)**

9%

0.97 (2.1)

4%

0.17 (0.5)

<1%

 High school diploma

17.81 (4.2)*

74%

1.49 (2.4)*

6%

2.86 (4.4)*

12%

1.48 (2.6)

6%

0.36 (1.2)

2%

 Undergraduate school

17.06 (4.38)*

71%

1.22 (2.0)*

5%

3.94 (4.7)*

16%

1.39 (2.1)

6%

0.39 (0.9)

2%

Graduate school

16.04 (3.9)**

67%

1.15 (2.1)*

5%

5.23 (4.6)**

22%

1.23 (2.0)

5%

0.35 (0.7)

1%

Annual income

          

 Less than $24,999

19.24 (3.73)**

80%

1.97 (2.6)**

8%

1.44 (3.4)**

6%

1.18 (2.3)

5%

0.17 (0.6)***

<1%

 $25,000 – $74,999

15.82 (3.8)**

66%

1.3 (2.2)*

5%

4.91 (4.8)***

20%

1.58 (2.4)

7%

0.39 (0.7)*

2%

 $75,000 or more

14.72 (4.0)**

61%

0.91 (1.9)*

4%

6.55 (4.6)***

27%

1.30 (2.3)

6%

0.52 (1.1)*

2%

 Don’t know/ refused

18.26 (5.6)**

76%

1.64 (3.4)

7%

2.86 (5.03)**

12%

0.76 (1.6)

3%

0.48 (1.7)*

2%

Study area

          

 Somerville

17.14 (4.8)*

71%

0.95 (2.5)*

4%

3.95 (4.8)*

16%

1.56 (2.5)*

7%

0.4 (1.0)*

2%

 South Boston/Dorchester

17.33 (4.4)*

72%

1.30 (2.3)*

5%

3.53 (4.6)*

15%

1.43 (2.4)*

6%

0.41 (1.1)*

2%

 Chinatown

18.27 (4.10)**

76%

2.39 (2.6)**

10%

2.33 (4.2)**

10%

0.87 (1.8)**

3%

0.14 (0.4)**

<1%

  1. Data is restricted to only those participants with a complete time-activity survey (N=663).
  2. *, **, *** Indicates a significant mean difference from one or more group(s) within the same micro-environment.
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X