No. of participants
|
4712
|
558
|
968
|
881
|
997
|
609
|
699
|
No. of cases of heart disease and stroke (%)
|
276 (5.9)
|
49 (8.8)
|
77 (8.0)
|
36 (4.1)
|
54 (5.4)
|
35 (5.7)
|
25 (3.6)
|
No. of cases of myocardial infarctiona
|
133 (2.8)
|
14 (2.5)
|
46 (4.8)
|
19 (2.2)
|
29 (2.9)
|
14 (2.3)
|
11 (1.6)
|
No. of cases of angina pectorisa
|
144 (3.1)
|
34 (6.1)
|
28 (2.9)
|
21 (2.4)
|
26 (2.6)
|
22 (3.6)
|
13 (1.9)
|
No. of cases of strokea
|
63 (1.3)
|
12 (2.2)
|
24 (2.5)
|
2 (0.2)
|
13 (1.3)
|
7 (1.1)
|
5 (0.7)
|
Daytime aircraft noise (dB(A))b
| | | | | | | |
Mean (SD)b
|
52 (9.5)
|
57 (9.7)
|
51 (10.7)
|
55 (6.3)
|
52 (8.6)
|
52 (7.2)
|
46 (10.3)
|
Range
|
35–76
|
35–76
|
35–74
|
38–74
|
35–66
|
37–66
|
35–70
|
Night-time aircraft noise (dB(A))
| | | | | | | |
Mean (SD)
|
41 (9.2)
|
49 (10.5)
|
40 (10.0)
|
42 (8.9)
|
40 (7.9)
|
42 (4.6)
|
35 (6.3)
|
Range
|
30–70
|
30–70
|
30–65
|
31–65
|
30–58
|
32–53
|
30–54
|
24 hour road traffic noise (dB(A))
| | | | | | | |
Mean (SD)
|
53 (7.5)
|
53 (5.3)
|
56 (8.1)
|
54 (7.1)
|
50 (5.3)
|
47 (4.9)
|
55 (9.1)
|
Range
|
45–77
|
45–75
|
45–73
|
45–74
|
45–71
|
45–69
|
45–77
|
Average NO2 (μg/m3)
| | | | | | | |
Mean (SD)
|
23.2 (1.3)
|
37 (3.5)
|
Not
|
32 (4.9)
|
8 (3.8)
|
Not
|
Not
|
Range
|
1–58
|
31–58
|
available
|
25–55
|
1–28
|
Available
|
available
|
Age
| | | | | | | |
Mean (SD)
|
58 (7.0)
|
59 (6.9)
|
57 (7.3)
|
58 (6.9)
|
57 (6.7)
|
58 (7.7)
|
57 (6.8)
|
Range
|
45–70
|
45–70
|
45–70
|
46–70
|
45–70
|
45–70
|
45–70
|
Gender (%)
| | | | | | | |
Male
|
49.6
|
51.8
|
48.2
|
49.2
|
51.8
|
45.7
|
50.8
|
Female
|
50.4
|
48.2
|
51.8
|
50.8
|
48.2
|
54.3
|
49.2
|
Years in education (%)
| | | | | | | |
1 Lowest quartile
|
24.5
|
21.9
|
13.2
|
18.6
|
23.5
|
40.4
|
37.5
|
2
|
25.3
|
26.0
|
55.4
|
35.3
|
15.9
|
3.9
|
2.6
|
3
|
25.8
|
32.3
|
16.0
|
26.6
|
35.9
|
12.6
|
30.5
|
4 Highest quartile
|
24.3
|
19.9
|
15.4
|
19.5
|
24.8
|
43.0
|
29.5
|
Ethnicity (%)
| | | | | | | |
White
|
95.7
|
71.5
|
98.5
|
98.4
|
98.6
|
99.8
|
99.6
|
Non-white
|
4.4
|
28.5
|
1.5
|
1.6
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
0.4
|
BMI
| | | | | | | |
Mean (SD)
|
27 (4.6)
|
28 (4.9)
|
28 (5.0)
|
27 (4.1)
|
26 (4.4)
|
28 (4.5)
|
26 (4.5)
|
Range
|
15–69
|
18–56
|
16–69
|
17–48
|
15–59
|
16–57
|
16–48
|
Physical activity (%)c
| | | | | | | |
<once/week,
|
32.5
|
46.5
|
26.5
|
15.4
|
31.4
|
32.0
|
53.5
|
1–3 times/week
|
22.9
|
22.9
|
23.2
|
27.5
|
25.4
|
17.3
|
18.2
|
>3 times/week
|
44.6
|
30.6
|
50.3
|
57.1
|
43.2
|
50.7
|
28.3
|
Smoking status (%)c
| | | | | | | |
Never
|
40.4
|
52.8
|
31.5
|
43.9
|
37.4
|
35.2
|
47.7
|
Past
|
34.5
|
34.6
|
37.7
|
32.5
|
43.8
|
23.3
|
28.5
|
Current
|
25.1
|
12.6
|
30.8
|
23.7
|
18.8
|
41.6
|
23.8
|
Alcohol consumption (%)c
| | | | | | | |
None
|
28.3
|
31.9
|
32.3
|
19.8
|
24.6
|
37.6
|
27.9
|
1–7 units/week
|
46.4
|
35.9
|
51.1
|
38.6
|
63.4
|
43.1
|
34.5
|
8–14 units/week
|
13.8
|
15.8
|
9.9
|
21.0
|
9.5
|
10.3
|
18.6
|
>14 units/week
|
11.5
|
16.3
|
6.6
|
20.6
|
2.5
|
9.1
|
19.1
|