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Table 6 Associations between RF-EMF exposures and having ‘Trouble falling asleep’ (symptom)

From: The relationship between adolescents’ well-being and their wireless phone use: a cross-sectional study

Symptom

Symptom categories (N for unadjusted model/N for adjusted model)

Exposure

Exposure categories (N for unadjusted model/N for adjusted model)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI) for each exposure category

Adjusted OR (95% CI) for each exposure category

Confounders in model

Trouble falling asleep

No (165/156)

Cordless calls > 10 minutes weekly

0-1 (111/105)

1

1

Time of lights out*+

1 or 2 times weekly (88/85)

>1-5 120/114)

1.54 (0.54-2.53)

1.56 (0.93-2.62)

Sex

3 or 4 times weekly (39/36)

>5-120 (99/95)

1.99 (1.19-3.34)*

1.58 (0.89-2.81)

Decile

Most nights (38/37)

Times woken in night

Trouble falling asleep

No, hardly ever (184/183)

Minutes on cordless phone daily

0-4 (147/147)

1

1

Sex* + ♀

1 or 2 times weekly (91/91)

5-15 (106/105)

1.14 (0.77-1.69)

1.00 (0.65-1.54)

Decile+

3 or 4 times weekly (36/36)

16-240 (96/96)

1.61 (1.06-2.43)

1.41 (0.89-2.23)

Cold/flu

Most nights (38/38)

Trouble falling asleep

No, hardly ever (-/175)

Cellphone calls >10 minutes weekly

0 (-/267)

Model invalid

1

Woken by phone**+

1 or 2 times weekly (-/90)

1-6 (-/63)

0.92 (0.67-1.25)

Light out time+

3 or 4 times weekly (-/37)

7-35 (-/12)

1.38 (0.66-2.91)

Decile+

Most nights (-/40)

Sex + ♀

Trouble falling asleep

No, hardly ever (-/179)

Cellphone headset

No (320)

Model invalid

1

Sex** + ♀

1 or 2 times weekly (-/92)

Wired (16)

0.41 (0.16-1.08)

Light out time*+

3 or more times weekly (-/77)

Wireless (12)

1.23 (0.51-2.97)

Decile+

Age

      

Times woken

  1. Bold font Sig. p < 0.05; *Sig. p ≤ 0.01; **Sig. p ≤ 0.001; + positive association; ♀female; ‘Model invalid’ means it did not meet the criteria outlined in the methods.