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Table 9 Sample relationships of confounding variables and well-being outcomes estimated by unconditional logistic regression

From: The relationship between adolescents’ well-being and their wireless phone use: a cross-sectional study

Confounding variable

Symptom

N

OR (95% CI)

Cold/flu in last month

Headachea

370

2.50 (1.57- 3.99)

Cold/flu in last month

Down/depressedb

369

2.38 (1.04- 5.45)

Cold/flu in last month

Tired at schoolb

368

2.07 (1.29- 3.32)

Cold/flu in last month

Sore texting thumba

368

2.49 (1.31- 4.75)

Woken by cellphone at least weekly

Headacheb

356

4.70 (2.38- 9.29)

Woken by cellphone at least weekly

Headachesc

356

5.89 (1.89- 18.30)

Woken by cellphone at least weekly

Down/depressedb

355

2.42 (1.14- 5.12)

Woken by cellphone at least weekly

Tinnitusb

355

2.46 (1.33- 4.56)

Woken by cellphone at least weekly

Tired during schoold

354

3.49 (1.97- 6.2)

SESd

Tired during schoola

368

 

Low

0.40 (0.18, 0.87)

Mid

0.59 (0.34, 1.01)

High

1

SESd

Tinnitusc

368

 

Low

1

Medium

0.17 (0.05, 0.57)

High

0.41 (0.15, 1.08)

Sex

Trouble falling asleepa

369

 

Boys

1

Girls

1.97 (1.29, 3.00)

Sex

Wake up in the nighta

369

 

Boys

1

Girls

1.57 (1.04, 2.38)

Sex

Tired during schoolc

368

 

Boys

1

Girls

0.51 (0.30, 0.88)

Time of light out, per minute after 7 pm

Trouble falling asleepb

363

1.008 (1.003, 1.012)

Phone location at night

Headachea

361

 

Another room

1

By bed

1.95 (1.20, 3.15)

Under pillow

0.98 (0.43, 2.22)

Distance from eyes for bed-texting

Headachea

 

0.96 (0.93, 0.99)

  1. aRegular; bFrequent; cChronic; dSocioeconomic status according to school decile grouping.
  2. Each model controls for sex, age, and SES, and is estimated by unconditional logistic regression.