Impact of biomass fuels on pregnancy outcomes in central East India

Table 3 Pregnancy outcomes comparing women cooking with wood versus gas, unadjusted and adjusted analyses ^a

	Birth weight			Stillbirth^b	Preterm delivery (<37 weeks)
	Mean birth weight (grams)	Low birth weight (<2500 grams)	Small for gestational age (birth weight <10%)
Gas	2736 ± 409	48/253 (19.0%)	20/244 (8.2%)	0/253 (0%)	33/245 (13.5%)
Wood	2623 ± 429	286/1199 (23.9%)	71/1190 (6.0%)	50/1255 (4.0%)	390/1194 (32.7%)
Effect size (wood versus gas), unadjusted (95% CI)	−112 (-170, -55)	1.33 (0.95, 1.88)	0.71 (0.42, 1.19)	2.71 (0.99, ∞)	3.11 (2.12, 4.59)
Adjusted effect size (95% CI)	−14 (-93, 66)^c	0.95 (0.58, 1.57)^d	0.53 (0.23, 1.19)^e	2.06 (0.08, ∞)^f	2.29 (1.24, 4.21)^g

^aFor birth weight outcomes, analyses limited to singleton live births with recorded birth weights. For stillbirths, all singleton births included. For preterm delivery, analyses limited to singleton live births with recorded Ballard examinations. Values represent n(%) or mean ± STD.
^bORs and lower confidence interval estimated using exact logistic regression.
^cAdjusted for propensity score, cohort (Jharkhand versus Chhattisgarh), maternal age, body mass index, squared body mass index, gravidity, hypertension at delivery, hemoglobin at delivery, and time spent cooking.
^dAdjusted for propensity score, cohort (Jharkhand versus Chhattisgarh), maternal age, body mass index, gravidity, hemoglobin at delivery, and time spent cooking.
^eAdjusted for propensity score, cohort (Jharkhand versus Chhattisgarh), gravidity, hemoglobin at delivery, fever in week prior to delivery and time spent cooking.
^fAdjusted for propensity score alone.
^gAdjusted for propensity score, cohort (Jharkhand versus Chhattisgarh), maternal age, body mass index, gravidity, hypertension at delivery, hemoglobin at delivery, presence of windows, and time spent cooking.

ISSN: 1476-069X