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Table 6 Hazard ratios for the other diseases in the groups with different urinary findings in women

From: Mortality and causes of deaths of inhabitants with renal dysfunction induced by cadmium exposure of the polluted Jinzu River basin, Toyama, Japan; a 26-year follow-up

Cause of deaths

Control areas

Cd polluted areas

Pro(-) and Glu(-)

Pro(+) or/and Glu(+)

Pro(-) and Glu(-)

Pro(-) and Glu(+)

Pro(+) and Glu(-)

Pro(+) and Glu(+)

(N=1039)

(N=133)

(N=3184)

(N=398)

(N=136)

(N=267)

D

HR

D

HR

(95% CI)

D

HR

(95% CI)

D

HR

(95% CI)

D

HR

(95% CI)

D

HR

(95% CI)

Cardiovascular diseases

90

1.00

13

0.98

(0.55, 1.77)

271

0.95

(0.74, 1.22)

54

1.36

(0.96, 1.92)

20

1.48

(0.89, 2.46)

52

2.02

(1.40, 2.91)***

Ischemic Heart diseases

23

1.00

4

1.49

(0.51, 4.37)

127

1.64

(1.01, 2.66)*

21

2.32

(1.25, 4.33)**

5

1.53

(0.52, 4.49)

9

3.79

(1.95, 7.39)***

Heart failure

47

1.00

6

0.75

(0.32, 1.77)

111

0.77

(0.54, 1.10)

27

1.23

(0.76, 1.99)

10

1.30

(0.63, 2.67)

27

1.71

(1.03, 2.83)*

Cerebrovascular diseases

89

1.00

20

1.50

(0.92, 2.44)

236

0.88

(0.68, 1.13)

43

1.09

(0.75, 1.58)

21

1.70

(1.04, 2.77)*

29

1.21

(0.78, 1.87)

Cerebral hemorrage

19

1.00

4

1.64

(0.56, 4.86)

45

0.70

(0.41, 1.22)

3

0.38

(0.11, 1.30)

4

1.70

(0.58, 5.02)

4

0.77

(0.22, 2.68)

Cerebral infarction

54

1.00

14

1.75

(0.97, 3.17)

142

0.92

(0.66, 1.27)

28

1.16

(0.73, 1.86)

9

1.31

(0.65, 2.67)

14

1.09

(0.60, 1.99)

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

7

1.00

1

1.16

(0.14, 9.43)

20

0.95

(0.40, 2.27)

3

1.15

(0.30, 4.47)

3

3.94

(1.01, 15.4)*

1

0.75

(0.09, 6.33)

Diseases of the respiratory systems

64

1.00

4

0.43

(0.16, 1.19)

205

1.01

(0.75, 1.36)

35

1.23

(0.80, 1.88)

11

1.22

(0.62, 2.38)

27

1.75

(1.10, 2.78)*

Diseases of the digestive systems

16

1.00

2

0.93

(0.21, 4.10)

53

1.02

(0.57, 1.84)

18

2.64

(1.32, 5.29)**

4

2.12

(0.70, 6.39)

11

2.96

(1.33, 6.60)**

Kidney and urinal tract diseases

8

1.00

5

4.06

(1.22, 13.5)*

38

1.35

(0.63, 2.91)

20

5.86

(2.57, 13.3)***

8

7.10

(2.57, 19.6)***

30

20.1

(8.99, 44.8)***

Renal diseases

7

1.00

5

4.78

(1.39, 16.4)*

32

1.33

(0.59, 3.03)

17

5.73

(2.37, 13.9)***

8

8.31

(2.91, 23.7)***

29

23.2

(9.92, 54.3)***

External causes of mortality

35

1.00

2

0.47

(0.11, 1.95)

75

0.60

(0.40, 0.91)*

10

0.91

(0.48, 1.73)

5

 

(0.62, 3.53)

49

7.01

(4.41, 11.1)***

Accident

21

1.00

1

0.40

(0.05, 2.97)

56

0.75

(0.45, 1.25)

10

1.17

(0.55, 2.49)

5

2.07

(0.78, 5.51)

49

12.3

(7.16, 21.2)***

Accident except Cd toxicity

21

1.00

1

0.44

(0.06, 3.28)

55

0.70

(0.42, 1.17)

5

0.60

(0.23, 1.59)

5

2.16

(0.81, 17.3)

4

1.28

(0.43, 3.84)

Toxic effects of cadmium

0

1.00

0

-

-

1

-

-

5

-

-

0

-

-

45

-

-

  1. Pro(+): urinary protein ≥ 10 mg/dL, Pro(-): urinary protein <10 mg/dL, Glu(+): urinary glucose ≥ +/-, Glu(-): urinary glucose negative.
  2. N number of subjects, D number of deaths, HR Hazard ratio, CI confident interval, Cd toxicity = Toxic effect of cadmium.
  3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with Pro(-) and Glu(-) in controls.
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X