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Table 3 Dose–response relationship between ETS exposure and DM in never-smokers

From: Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and diabetes in adult never-smokers

 

ETS exposure >0 < 3 hours/day at homeaOR (95% CI)

ETS exposure ≥3 hours/day at homeaOR (95% CI)

ETS exposure >0 < 3 hours/day elsewherebOR (95% CI)

ETS exposure ≥3 hours/day elsewherebOR (95% CI)

Unadjusted

1.06 (0.60, 1.85)

3.35 (1.46, 7.69)

1.47 (0.87,2.47)

0.98(0.35,2.72)

Adjusted for age and sex

1.41 (0.79, 2.51)

3.51 (1.48, 8.33)

1.77 (1.03,3.03)

1.55(0.54,4.44)

+ socio-economic status

1.33 (0.75, 2.38)

3.44 (1.45, 8.14)

1.69 (0.98,2.92)

1.47(0.51,4.22)

+ lifestyle characteristicsc

1.26 (0.70, 2.28)

2.83 (1.18, 6.82)

1.55 (0.89,2.69)

1.40(0.48,4.09)

+ home outdoor PM10

1.27 (0.70, 2.30)

2.81 (1.17, 6.75)

1.55 (0.89,2.70)

1.41(0.49,4.09)

+ body mass index

1.01 (0.54, 1.88)

2.62 (1.04, 6.62)

1.25 (0.70,2.24)

1.31(0.43,4.01)

  1. aestimates are compared with no ETS exposure at home. bestimates are compared with no ETS exposure elsewhere. Socio-economic status includes educational attainment and area-level socio-economic position; cinclude alcohol consumption, smoking pack-years, work exposure to dust gas and fumes, citrus fruits, other fruits and raw vegetables, and physical activity. OR: odds ratio. OR values represent % increase in diabetes prevalence for exposure to ETS compared to the reference group. CI: confidence interval. PM10: particulate matter <10 μm in diameter. Area was treated as a random effect in all models. + indicates additional adjustment. N = 2779.
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X