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Table 2 METS blood metals concentrations, overall and by site location

From: Distribution of metals exposure and associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in the “Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study”

 

Selected percentiles

 
 

N

GM

(95% CI)

% < LOD*

Minimum**

25th

(95% CI)

50th

(95% CI)

75th

(95% CI)

Maximum

Overall

            

Lead (μg/dL)

150

1.55

(1.30, 1.85)

0.7

0.001

0.97

(0.76, 1.09)

1.66

(1.34, 1.93)

2.60

(2.25, 2.98)

31.82

Cadmium (μg/L)

150

0.03

(0.02, 0.04)

62.7

0.000004

0.004

(0.003, 0.005)

0.008

(0.007, 0.009)

0.83

(0.29, 1.08)

3.08

Arsenic (μg/L)

150

8.23

(7.50, 9.02)

0.0

2.51

4.92

(4.57, 5.87)

8.48

(7.62, 10.07)

12.76

(11.59, 14.99)

26.85

Mercury (μg/L)

150

0.85

(0.52, 1.37)

15.3

0.001

0.22

(0.07, 0.51)

1.49

(1.01, 2.23)

5.31

(3.42, 15.38)

70.36

U.S.A.

            

Lead (μg/dL)

30

0.80

(0.61, 1.05)

0.0

0.22

0.44

(0.36, 0.68)

0.74

(0.47, 1.14)

1.28

(0.95, 1.89)

6.05

Cadmium (μg/L)

30

0.15

(0.07, 0.31)

26.7

0.005

0.009

(0.006, 0.20)

0.29

(0.14, 0.60)

0.83

(0.36, 1.03)

1.21

Arsenic (μg/L)

30

3.97

(3.62, 4.35)

0.0

2.61

3.33

(3.02, 3.55)

3.83

(3.42, 4.56)

4.72

(3.94, 5.24)

8.47

Mercury (μg/L)

30

0.07

(0.03, 0.20)

33.3

0.001

0.007

(0.002, 0.07)

0.15

(0.01, 0.36)

0.69

(0.22, 1.22)

24.46

South Africa

            

Lead (μg/dL)

30

1.45

(1.22, 1.74)

0.0

0.58

0.99

(0.82, 1.23)

1.42

(1.16, 1.86)

1.99

(1.71, 2.74)

3.79

Cadmium (μg/L)

30

0.00

(0.00, 0.01)

93.3

0.000004

0.002

(0.0006, 0.003)

0.004

(0.003, 0.007)

0.008

(0.005, 0.01)

1.10

Arsenic (μg/L)

30

5.65

(5.18, 6.16)

0.0

3.98

4.71

(4.32, 5.11)

5.43

(4.81, 6.52)

6.88

(5.84, 7.71)

9.52

Mercury (μg/L)

30

0.05

(0.02, 0.15)

40.0

0.001

0.005

(0.001, 0.03)

0.09

(0.01, 0.33)

0.47

(0.15, 0.97)

35.10

Ghana

            

Lead (μg/dL)

30

3.12

(1.53, 6.38)

3.3

0.001

2.02

(1.35, 2.79)

2.96

(2.14, 3.96)

5.90

(3.59, 25.97)

31.82

Cadmium (μg/L)

30

0.00

(0.00, 0.01)

100.0

0.00003

0.004

(0.001, 0.005)

0.006

(0.004, 0.007)

0.008

(0.006, 0.009)

0.01

Arsenic (μg/L)

30

11.17

(9.69, 12.87)

0.0

2.51

10.30

(7.47, 11.11)

11.68

(10.46, 12.57)

14.00

(12.31, 15.61)

20.70

Mercury (μg/L)

30

1.56

(1.01, 2.42)

3.3

0.009

1.08

(0.73, 1.42)

1.87

(1.33, 2.29)

2.93

(2.14, 4.13)

11.25

Jamaica

            

Lead (μg/dL)

30

0.96

(0.77, 1.19)

0.0

0.25

0.69

(0.44, 0.95)

1.01

(0.77, 1.24)

1.39

(1.06, 2.01)

2.57

Cadmium (μg/L)

30

0.01

(0.00, 0.04)

76.7

0.0002

0.004

(0.001, 0.004)

0.005

(0.00, 0.01)

0.17

(0.01, 1.10)

3.08

Arsenic (μg/L)

30

9.24

(8.37, 10.19)

0.0

6.35

7.89

(6.99, 8.49)

8.61

(8.09, 9.65)

10.23

(8.97, 14.20)

19.02

Mercury (μg/L)

30

2.43

(1.82, 3.25)

0.0

0.22

1.66

(0.82, 2.40)

2.54

(2.19, 3.60)

3.84

(3.39, 6.41)

8.33

Seychelles

            

Lead (μg/dL)

30

2.56

(2.26, 2.90)

0.0

1.46

1.96

(1.72, 2.43)

2.49

(2.21, 2.80)

3.23

(2.60, 3.92)

6.71

Cadmium (μg/L)

30

0.47

(0.21, 1.06)

16.7

0.001

1.04

(0.01, 1.15)

1.17

(1.11, 1.22)

1.27

(1.19, 1.42)

1.56

Arsenic (μg/L)

30

16.29

(14.93, 17.77)

0.0

10.55

13.98

(11.93, 15.56)

16.38

(14.40, 17.05)

18.59

(16.59, 23.10)

26.85

Mercury (μg/L)

30

28.47

(23.03, 35.18)

0.0

9.20

18.16

(13.70, 24.45)

28.34

(22.34, 39.19)

48.58

(31.77, 60.84)

70.36

  1. *Limits of detection (ng/ml): Lead (0.01); Cadmium (0.01); Arsenic (0.02); Mercury (0.0015).
  2. **For levels less than LOD: substituted a random number between 0 and LOD (according to uniform distribution).
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