Pregnancy serum concentrations of perfluorinated alkyl substances and offspring behaviour and motor development at age 5–9 years – a prospective study

Table 3 Associations ^a between pregnancy levels of PFOS/PFOA (ng/ml) and offspring DCDQ-score ^b

Exposure		Combined^d (N = 1,106)	Greenland (n = 526)	Ukraine (n = 491)	Poland (n = 89)
		β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
PFOS	Low	ref	ref	ref	ref
	Medium	−0.4 (−1.9, 1.2)	−1.2 (−3.0, 0.7)	1.4 (−0.2, 3.1)	−0.3 (−6.0, 5.3)
	High	−1.7 (−3.8, 0.5)	−0.7 (−2.6, 1.2)	0.6 (−1.1, 2.2)	−2.1 (−7.8, 3.5)
	Continuous^c	−0.1 (−1.2, 1.1)	−0.2 (−1.9, 1.4)	0.5 (−1.0, 2.0)	−2.4 (−9.1, 4.3)
PFOA	Low	ref	ref	ref	ref
	Medium	−0.6 (−1.9, 0.7)	−1.2 (−3.0, 0.7)	−0.2 (−1.8, 1.4)	1.5 (−4.1, 7.1)
	High	−0.4 (−1.9, 1.1)	−0.1 (−2.0, 1.7)	−1.2 (−2.8, 0.5)	−3.7 (−9.3, 1.9)
	Continuous^c	−0.2 (−1.2, 0.9)	0.8 (−0.8, 2.5)	−0.6 (−1.9, 0.8)	−2.7 (−8.3, 2.8)

CI, confidence interval; DCDQ, developmental coordination disorder questionnaire; PFOA, perfluorooctanoate; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate; Ref, referece group.
^aAdjusted for: maternal cotinine level during pregnancy, maternal alcohol consumption at conception, maternal age at pregnancy, gestational age at blood-sampling and child sex. ^bDCDQ score range from 15 to 75 (low scores indicate motor problems). ^cβ = the change in score according to one natural-log unit increase in PFOA and PFOS. ^dadditionally adjusted for country.

ISSN: 1476-069X