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Table 8 Odds ratios for exposure to agricultural chemicals compared non – exposure

From: Agricultural chemical exposures and birth defects in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa A case – control study

Chemical

Odds Ratio

95% CI

Chemicals (any)

7.18

3.99 – 13.25

Organophosphate

7.84

5.78 – 12.63

Pesticide

6.00

2.75 – 13.49

Blue death

9.11

4.95 – 17.88

Insecticide

4.11

0.48 – 35.10

Fertilizer

1.03

0.05 – 7.19

  1. Blue death", is a mixture of three different chemicals, carbaryl, carbufuran and camphechlor (although campechlor has been banned in South Africa since 1970. Department of Agriculture 1999.)