Schwartz et al. 2005 (22)
|
Boston
|
NA
|
PM2.5, BC, CO
|
NA
|
Heart rate variability
|
Decreases in measures of heart rate variability
|
Adar et al. 2007 (23)
|
St. Louis, Missouri
|
NA
|
PM2.5, BC, UFP
|
On highway in busses
|
Heart rate variability
|
Decreases in measures of heart rate variability
|
Hoek et al. 2002 (24)
|
Netherlands
|
NA
|
BC, NO2
|
Continuous d
|
Cardio-pulmonary mortality, lung cancer
|
1.41 OR for living near road
|
Tonne et al. 2007 (41)
|
Worchester, Mass.
|
NA
|
PM2.5
|
Continuous d
|
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
|
5% increase in odds of AMI
|
Venn et al. 2001 (49)
|
Nottingham, UK
|
NA
|
NA
|
Continuous d
|
Wheezing in children
|
1.08 OR for living w/in 150 m of road
|
Nicolai et al. 2003 (58)
|
Munich, Germany
|
>30,000 veh/d
|
Soot, benzene, NO2
|
Traffic counts within 50 m of house
|
Asthma, respiratory symptoms, allergy
|
1.79 OR for asthma and high traffic volume
|
Gauderman et al. 2005 (65)
|
Southern California
| |
NO2
|
Continuous d
|
Asthma, respiratory symptoms
|
Increased asthma closer to freeways
|
McConnell et al. 2006 (57)
|
Southern California
|
NA
|
NA
|
Continuous d
|
Asthma
|
Large risk for children living w/in 75 m of road
|
Ryan, et al. 2007 (59)
|
Cincinnati, Ohio
|
> 1,000 trucks/d
|
PM2.5
|
400 m
|
Wheezing in children
|
NA
|
Kim et al. 2004 (60)
|
San Francisco
|
90,000 – 210,000 veh/d
|
PM, BC, NOx
|
School sites
|
Childhood asthma
|
1.07 OR for high levels of NOx
|
Wjst et al. 1993 (68)
|
Munich, Germany
|
7,000–125,000 veh/d
|
NOx, CO
|
School sites
|
Asthma, bronchitis
|
Several statistical associations found
|
Brunekreef et al. 1997 (69)
|
Netherlands
|
80,000 – 152,000 veh/d
|
PM10, NO2
|
Continuousd
|
Lung function
|
Decreased FEV with proximity to high truck traffic
|
Janssen et al. 2003 (74)
|
Netherlands
|
30,000–155,000 veh/d
|
PM2.5, NO2, benzene
|
< 400 m c
|
Lung function, respiratory symptoms
|
No association with lung function
|
Peters et al. 1999 (82)
|
Southern California
|
NA
|
PM10, NO2
|
NA
|
Asthma, bronchitis, cough, wheeze
|
1.54 OR of wheeze for boys with exposure to NO2
|
Brauer et al. 2007 (67)
|
Netherlands
|
Highways and streets
|
PM2.5, NO2, soot
|
Modeled exposure
|
Asthma, allergy, bronchitis, respiratory symptoms
|
Strongest association was with food allergies
|
Visser et al. 2004 (91)
|
Amsterdam
|
> 10,000 veh/d
|
NA
|
NA
|
Cancer
|
Multiple associations
|
Vineis et al. 2006 (87)
|
10 Eurpoean countries
|
NA
|
PM10, NO2, SO2
|
NA
|
Cancer
|
1.46 OR near heavy traffic, 1.30 OR for high exposure to NO2
|
Gauderman et al. 2007 (73)
|
Southern California
|
NA
|
PM10, NO2
|
Continuousd
|
Lung Function
|
Decreased FEV for those living near freeway
|