Characteristic+ | Exposed With Anomalies | Exposed Without Anomalies | Unexposed With Anomalies | Unexposed Without Anomalies | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % |
Year of birth | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Before 1968 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 12 | 12.6 | 313 | 10.8 |
1968-1974 | 10 | 16.4 | 239 | 15.0 | 28 | 29.5 | 770 | 26.5 |
1975-1980 | 27 | 44.3 | 684 | 42.8 | 29 | 30.5 | 1014 | 34.9 |
After 1980 | 24 | 39.3 | 674 | 42.2 | 26 | 27.4 | 807 | 27.8 |
Gender of infant | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 36 | 59.0 | 791 | 49.7 | 51 | 53.7 | 1454 | 50.8 |
Female | 25 | 41.0 | 801 | 50.3 | 44 | 46.3 | 1407 | 49.2 |
Maternal age (n, mean (sd)) | 61 | 28.4 (5.2) | 1588 | 27.6 (4.6) | 95 | 25.1 (4.6) | 2886 | 26.0 (4.9) |
Paternal age (n, mean (sd)) | 61 | 31.9 (6.6) | 1583 | 30.8 (5.9) | 94 | 27.3 (6.2) | 2849 | 28.9 (5.8) |
% White Race | 60 | 98.4 | 1522 | 95.5 | 91 | 95.8 | 2774 | 95.9 |
Maternal educational level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
High school graduate or less | 7 | 11.5 | 331 | 20.8 | 22 | 23.2 | 667 | 23.0 |
Some college | 16 | 26.2 | 561 | 35.2 | 35 | 36.8 | 996 | 34.4 |
Four year college grad or higher | 38 | 62.3 | 701 | 44.0 | 38 | 40.0 | 1234 | 42.6 |
Paternal occupation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
White collar | 37 | 61.7 | 809 | 51.6 | 47 | 51.1 | 1315 | 45.9 |
Blue collar | 15 | 25.0 | 522 | 33.3 | 26 | 28.3 | 988 | 34.4 |
Other | 8 | 13.3 | 234 | 15.0 | 19 | 20.7 | 565 | 19.7 |
Gravidity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1 | 17 | 27.9 | 388 | 24.3 | 36 | 37.9 | 1073 | 36.9 |
2 | 17 | 27.9 | 561 | 35.1 | 31 | 32.6 | 846 | 29.1 |
3+ | 27 | 44.3 | 648 | 40.6 | 28 | 29.5 | 985 | 33.9 |
Prior live births | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
0 | 22 | 36.1 | 491 | 30.8 | 43 | 45.3 | 1240 | 42.7 |
1 | 24 | 39.3 | 615 | 38.5 | 31 | 32.6 | 934 | 32.2 |
2+ | 15 | 24.6 | 490 | 30.7 | 21 | 22.1 | 729 | 25.1 |
History of prior pregnancy loss | 20 | 32.8 | 273 | 17.1 | 13 | 13.7 | 436 | 15.0 |
Maternal cigarette smoking during first trimester | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
11+ cigarettes a day | 7 | 11.5 | 220 | 13.8 | 16 | 17.0 | 502 | 17.5 |
10 cigarettes or fewer a day | 7 | 11.5 | 168 | 10.6 | 9 | 9.6 | 356 | 12.4 |
None | 47 | 77.0 | 1202 | 75.6 | 69 | 73.4 | 2018 | 70.2 |
Maternal alcohol consumption during first trimester& | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1+ drinks a week | 13 | 21.3 | 175 | 11.0 | 8 | 8.5 | 337 | 11.7 |
1-3 drinks a month | 20 | 32.8 | 389 | 24.5 | 20 | 21.3 | 714 | 24.9 |
None | 28 | 45.9 | 1022 | 64.4 | 66 | 70.2 | 1820 | 63.4 |
Maternal multivitamin use during pregnancy | 59 | 96.7 | 1492 | 94.4 | 88 | 94.6 | 2653 | 93.1 |
Maternal occupational exposure to solvents before or during pregnancy | 8 | 13.3 | 190 | 12.1 | 7 | 7.6 | 296 | 10.3 |
Maternal residential proximity to dry cleaning establishment | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 8 | 0.3 |
Maternal use of solvent-based spot removers: occasional or frequent use | 16 | 27.1 | 342 | 21.8 | 30 | 31.9 | 614 | 21.7 |
Maternal use of professional dry cleaning: use > = once per month | 17 | 27.9 | 468 | 29.7 | 31 | 33.7 | 843 | 30.4 |
Maternal use of self-service dry cleaning: ever use | 12 | 19.7 | 209 | 13.4 | 19 | 20.4 | 460 | 16.3 |