Table 2 Relative risk estimates for community exposure to landfills and incinerators
Health effect | Distance from the source | Relative Risk (Confidence Interval) | Level of confidence** |
|---|---|---|---|
Landfills | Â | ||
Congenital malformations[24] | Â | Â | Â |
   All congenital malformations | Within 2 km | 1.02 (99% CI = 1.01-1.03) | Moderate |
   Neural tube defects | Within 2 km | 1.06 (99% CI = 1.01-1.12) | Moderate |
   Hypospadias and epispadias | Within 2 km | 1.07 (99% CI = 1.04-1.11) | Moderate |
   Abdominal wall defects | Within 2 km | 1.05 (99% CI = 0.94-1.16) | Moderate |
   Gastroschisis and exomphalos* | Within 2 km | 1.18 (99% CI = 1.03-1.34) | Moderate |
Low birth weight[24] | Within 2 km | 1.06 (99% CI = 1.052-1.062) | High |
   Very low birth weight | Within 2 km | 1.04 (99% CI = 1.03-1.06) | High |
Incinerators | Â | ||
Congenital malformations[45] | Â | Â | Â |
   Facial cleft | Within 10 km | 1.30 (95% CI = 1.06-1.59) | Moderate |
   Renal dysplasia | Within 10 km | 1.55 (95% CI = 1.10-2.20) | Moderate |
Cancer[30] | Â | Â | Â |
   All cancer | Within 3 km | 1.035 (95% CI = 1.03-1.04) | Moderate |
   Stomach cancer | Within 3 km | 1.07 (95% CI = 1.02-1.13) | Moderate |
   Colorectal cancer | Within 3 km | 1.11 (95% CI = 1.07-1.15) | Moderate |
   Liver cancer | Within 3 km | 1.29 (95% CI = 1.10-1.51) | High |
   Lung cancer | Within 3 km | 1.14 (95% CI = 1.11-1.17) | Moderate |
   Soft-tissue sarcoma | Within 3 km | 1.16 (95% CI = 0.96-1.41) | High |
   Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | Within 3 km | 1.11 (95% CI = 1.04-1.19) | High |