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Table 4 Asthma Outcomes: Multivariate Regression Models by Exposure Category.

From: An integrated model of environmental factors in adult asthma lung function and disease severity: a cross-sectional study

Models and covariates

Percent predicted

FEV1

 

Severity of Asthma

Score

 

β

se

p

 

β

se

p

Model 1 (sociodemographic and behavioral)

       

   Age (years)

-0.79

0.16

<.001

 

0.17

0.05

<.001

   Female

-2.85

3.00

0.34

 

0.02

0.93

0.99

   High school education or less

-8.03

4.07

0.05

 

-1.00

1.26

0.43

   Nonwhite (vs. white nonHispanic)

1.36

2.99

0.65

 

0.73

0.93

0.43

   Family income <$40 K

-1.60

3.45

0.64

 

1.01

1.07

0.35

   Not employed

-3.30

3.66

0.37

 

1.81

1.13

0.11

   Currently employed, VGDF (ref: employed, no VGDF)

-3.98

3.09

0.20

 

2.10

0.96

0.03

   Light smoker (<10 pack years)

2.89

3.36

0.39

 

-0.99

1.04

0.34

   Heavy smoker (≥10 pack years) (ref: never smoked)

7.59

4.87

0.12

 

-0.55

1.51

0.71

Adj. R2

0.11

 

0.05

Model 2 (household biologics, antigen-antibody status)

      

   Total dust wt bedroom (per 100 g)

-2.02

0.63

<.001

 

0.05

0.20

0.80

   Dog owner

-1.92

3.13

0.54

 

1.42

0.97

0.15

   Can f1 allergen (max BR/LR), μg/g dust

0.00

0.01

0.42

 

0.00

0.00

0.35

   Elevated anti-Can f1 specific IgE

-11.47

3.67

<.001

 

3.05

1.14

0.01

   Endotoxin, lowest quartile

3.15

3.26

0.34

 

0.01

1.01

0.99

   Glucan, top quartile

-0.84

3.21

0.79

 

-1.27

1.00

0.21

Adj. R2

0.10

 

0.03 (null)

Model 3 (indoor air quality)

       

   Wall dampness, % moisture

0.58

0.55

0.30

 

-0.24

0.16

0.14

   Any houseplants

1.50

3.76

0.69

 

-2.04

1.09

0.06

   Air filter in home

-4.14

3.20

0.20

 

2.49

0.93

0.01

   Coal/wood heat (vs. electric or gas)

5.31

4.12

0.20

 

-2.46

1.19

0.04

   ETS exposure (≥1 hr/day)

0.01

3.24

1.00

 

0.79

0.94

0.40

Adj. R2

<0.01 (null)

 

0.06

Model 4 (metals in house dust, upper quartile)

       

   Copper

1.27

3.63

0.73

 

-1.81

1.08

0.09

   Iron

2.23

3.38

0.51

 

-1.79

1.00

0.08

   Magnesium

5.60

3.49

0.11

 

-0.78

1.04

0.46

   Vanadium

1.86

3.25

0.57

 

0.37

0.97

0.70

   Zinc

-0.73

3.72

0.84

 

1.94

1.11

0.08

Adj. R2

<0.01 (null)

 

0.02 (null)

Model 5 (external environment)

       

   Census Block Group Factors

       

Factor 1: Poor (working/unemployed)

-1.05

1.38

0.45

 

0.68

0.43

0.12

Factor 2: Suburban homeowners

-5.39

2.00

0.01

 

0.56

0.63

0.38

   Distance (m) to nearest road

0.29

0.09

0.001

 

-0.05

0.03

0.09

   Distance (km) to nearest major road

0.42

0.45

0.35

 

-0.13

0.14

0.37

   Urban/built environment

5.93

3.68

0.11

 

-1.73

1.16

0.14

   Air Quality Factors

       

   Factor 1: Higher ozone, PM2.5, PM10-2.5 & summer temperature

0.06

0.96

0.95

 

0.05

0.30

0.86

   Factor 2: Higher NO2, summer wind speed & winter temperature; lower winter wind speed

-2.37

1.10

0.03

 

0.44

0.34

0.20

Adj. R2

0.11

 

0.03 (null)

  1. Higher Severity of Asthma scores indicate greater severity.
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X