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Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios for breast cancer and reported cleaning product use, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1988-1995

From: Self-reported chemicals exposure, beliefs about disease causation, and risk of breast cancer in the Cape Cod Breast Cancer and Environment Study: a case-control study

Product category

Cases (No.)

Controls (No.)

Adjusted OR

95% CI

P trend

Combined cleaning product use

   Quartile 1

91

99

1.0

Reference

 

   Quartile 2

100

107

1.1

0.8, 1.7

 

   Quartile 3

112

125

1.1

0.7, 1.7

 

   Quartile 4

104

70

2.1

1.4, 3.3

0.003

Combined air freshener use (sprays and solids)

   Quartile 1

74

77

1.0

Reference

 

   Quartile 2

113

117

1.1

0.7, 1.7

 

   Quartile 3

123

138

1.0

0.7, 1.6

 

   Quartile 4

101

71

1.9

1.2, 3.0

0.02

Air freshener spray

   Never use

90

95

1.0

Reference

 

   Any use

322

308

1.2

0.9, 1.8

 

   < Once a month

83

88

1.1

0.7, 1.7

 

   Monthly

47

41

1.3

0.8, 2.3

 

   Weekly

114

110

1.3

0.8, 1.9

 

   Daily

78

69

1.3

0.8, 2.1

0.15

Solid air freshener

   Never use

259

288

1.0

Reference

 

   Any use

153

115

1.7

1.2, 2.3

 

   < 2 times/year

50

41

1.4

0.9, 2.2

 

   2-6 times/year

77

58

1.7

1.2, 2.6

 

   ≥ 7 times/year

26

16

2.0

1.0, 4.0

0.001

Oven cleaner

   Never use

33

33

1.0

Reference

 

   Any use

379

370

1.0

0.6, 1.7

 

   < 2 times/year

145

143

1.0

0.6, 1.8

 

   2-6 times/year

199

196

1.0

0.6, 1.7

 

   ≥ 7 times/year

35

31

1.2

0.6, 2.3

0.80

Surface cleaner

   Never use

53

54

1.0

Reference

 

   Any use

359

348

1.1

0.7, 1.7

 

   < Once a month

61

60

1.0

0.6, 1.6

 

   Monthly

57

57

1.0

0.6, 1.8

 

   Weekly

186

171

1.2

0.8, 1.9

 

   Daily

55

60

1.2

0.7, 2.2

0.22

Mold/mildew control

   Never use

296

322

1.0

Reference

 

   Any use

114

81

1.7

1.2, 2.3

 

Mold/mildew control with bleach

   Never use

320

334

1.0

Reference

 

   Any use

90

68

1.5

1.0, 2.1

 

   < Once a month

47

38

1.2

0.8, 2.0

 

   Monthly

14

11

1.5

0.7, 3.5

 

   ≥ Weekly

29

19

2.0

1.1, 3.8

0.02

  1. Odds ratios are adjusted for age at diagnosis/reference year, birth decade (six categories), previous breast cancer diagnosis, family history of breast cancer, age at first live or still birth (< 30, ≥ 30/nulliparous), education (five categories). "Combined cleaning product use" combines frequency of use across five product categories: air freshener spray, solid air freshener, oven cleaner, surface cleaner, and mold/mildew control with bleach.