Table 3 Summary of studies analyzing cervical neoplasia risk associated with household air pollution
From: Household air pollution and cancers other than lung: a meta-analysis
Study | Cases (N) | Controls (N) | Grade CIN | Exposure definition | Odds ratio | Account for HPV | Variables adjusted for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Velema (2002) [ 18 ] | 125 | 241 | I, II, III | HPV +, CIN, wood smoke exposure 35+ years | 5.69 (1.00 – 2.70) | Yes | HPV, education, parity, no: sex partners, age sexual debut |
Wu (2004) [ 11 ] | 116 | 197 | >II | Age > 40, never used fume extractor | 3.46 (1.08-11.10) | No | Age, education, smoking, no: prior pap smears, age at sexual debut, chefs |
Lee (2010) [ 12 ] | 324 | 1,200 | I II, III | Cooked at age 20 to 40, HGSIL+, > 1 hour cooking, poor ventilation | 8.40 (1.7 – 41.10) | Yes | Age, marital status, education, age at sexual debut, smoking, HPV DNA load and chef |
Torres (2006) [ 13 ] | 98 | 109 | I, II, III | Exposure for > 45 years | 16.10 (3.55 - 73.50) | Yes | HPV status, age at first sexual intercourse, yrs. education, rural vs urban |